A Sustainable Rammed Earth Home in New Mexico

The Desert Wash home, a 6,700-square-foot modern residence in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was designed by architect Brent Kendle of Kendle Design Collaborative for clients Keith and Becky. The initial challenge for the design was a desert wash that bisected the building site, which the owners initially viewed as a hindrance. However, Kendle embraced this natural feature, transforming it into a central element of the home’s design and ethos. The architect's vision was to create a contemporary residence with minimal site impact, integrating the structure harmoniously into its desert surroundings. The home's design is divided into three distinct parts. The southern section houses the entrance, a guest suite, and an office. This compact volume is connected to the main body of the house, situated to the north, by an enclosed bridge. This bridge is elevated above the desert wash, allowing periodic floodwaters and local wildlife to pass underneath undisturbed. This innovative structural solution not only preserves the natural flow of the wash but also provides unique views and experiences from within the home, making the natural landscape an intrinsic part of daily life. To ensure the house blended seamlessly with its environment, Brent Kendle utilized a material palette and design elements that echoed the desert landscape. Rammed earth walls, constructed from soil excavated directly from the site, are a prominent feature, providing a direct physical connection to the land. This choice of material contributes to the home's eco-friendly credentials and offers natural insulation properties. A neutral color palette further enhances the integration, making the structure feel as if it has emerged organically from the desert. Expansive glazing, including Fleetwood sliding pocket-doors, is used throughout the residence to blur the boundaries between indoor and outdoor living. This allows for continuous visual and physical access to the surrounding desert, fostering a deep connection with nature. Outdoor living rooms are strategically integrated into the design, extending the habitable space and providing shaded areas for relaxation and enjoyment of the natural surroundings. Douglas Fir soffits and integral color-synthetic stucco for exterior walls complement the rammed earth, creating a cohesive and visually appealing facade. From various points within the home, such as the open great room and the master suite, sweeping views of the desert wash and the broader landscape are framed. The master bedroom features a corner window specifically designed to capture these views, while a freestanding soaking tub in the master bath is strategically placed beneath another shaded corner window. The interior also features Verano-brushed 12x24 limestone flooring in the great room, which benefits from ample natural light. The kitchen boasts a three-inch Calcutta Prima slab on the range wall and backsplash, adding a touch of elegance to the natural material scheme. Keith, one of the homeowners, noted that the wash, rather than being an obstacle, has become a "freeway" for local wildlife and an endless source of entertainment and educational opportunities for their two young children. The design emphasizes site-sensitivity, respecting the natural topography by nestling into the earth while spanning over the ancient wash, thereby minimizing disruption and maximizing the symbiotic relationship between the built environment and the natural desert ecosystem. #EcoFriendlyHome #RammedEarthWalls #DesertArchitecture #SustainableDesign #ModernResidence #SiteSensitiveDesign #IndoorOutdoorLiving #ArizonaHomes #KendleDesignCollaborative

Rammed-earth construction, a technique thousands of years old with origins in China and the Iberian Peninsula, offers numerous benefits for contemporary home building. Examples such as the original rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall and the Alhambra palace in Spain demonstrate its historical durability. This method is favored by Terrell Wong, principal of Stone’s Throw Design, due to its low embodied energy, recyclability, high thermal mass, low energy loads, and non-toxicity. Wong highlights its longevity, stating that a rammed-earth house can last 500 years or more, requiring no painting. These walls function as the structure, insulation, finish, and thermal mass of a building. The construction process involves creating panels approximately 11.5 feet long from a mixture of 20% to 30% clay and sand, with 5% to 10% cement. In colder, wetter climates, a silicate-based waterproofing agent is often incorporated. Walls are built in layers, or lifts, where one foot of material is placed into formwork and compressed to six inches using a pneumatic tamper. The forms, typically made of HDO plywood and lumber, are about 20 inches wide and 4 feet tall. When constructing walls longer than a single panel, a recess on one end of the first panel allows the subsequent panel to interlock, ensuring structural integrity. Conduit for plumbing and electrical wiring must be planned precisely, as these cannot be altered once the wall is erected. Rammed-earth walls are typically dry and load-bearing within 24 hours, exhibiting compressive strength comparable to concrete, usually between 1600 psi and 1800 psi for 2-foot-thick walls. Rammed earth is particularly effective as a thermal mass, absorbing and storing solar radiation during the day and re-radiating it at night. This property helps maintain consistent indoor temperatures and humidity levels, reducing reliance on mechanical heating and cooling systems. Many modern rammed-earth homes are hybrids, combining rammed earth with other construction methods like stick or timber-frame walls, or even straw-bale construction for upper floors. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels can also be used for roofs. Wong frequently integrates rammed earth for interior partition walls as well. A case study highlights a single-family home designed by Wong in a rural, woodland setting. This home incorporates Passive House strategies, maximizing the thermal mass of rammed earth, harnessing southern light, and utilizing cross breezes for passive ventilation. The effective natural cooling eliminates the need for mechanical air conditioning, and the house consumes only about 20 kW of heat annually. The exterior walls, composed of 530 tons of material with two 6-inch wythes of rammed earth sandwiching 6 inches of insulation, benefit from locally sourced materials, resulting in exceptionally low embodied energy. Recycled wooden formwork was also repurposed for interior use. Beyond energy efficiency, rammed-earth walls offer soundproofing qualities due to their thickness. The absence of organic matter in the material prevents mold growth, contributing to superior indoor air quality. Sylvia Cook, principal of Aerecura Rammed Earth Builders, emphasizes that the thermal mass benefits are equally significant in both hot and cold climates, stabilizing internal temperatures. The technique remains a fringe method in many regions, including Canada, primarily due to a lack of awareness and specific building codes in North America. While other countries like Australia and New Zealand have formalized codes, in Canada, practitioners demonstrate compliance by showing rammed earth's similarity to concrete or concrete block, often incorporating rebar in colder, wetter climates and recycled polyiso insulation to minimize thermal bridging. The aesthetic appeal of rammed-earth walls is characterized by earth-toned striations, created by adding pigment to the cement and allowing the ramming process to push colors to the visible outermost layer. The amount of material in each layer can be varied to enhance these natural color patterns. While complex designs with curved or angled walls can increase costs due to the labor-intensive nature of the method, Wong has successfully applied rammed earth to affordable housing projects by simplifying the design and formwork. Test cylinders filled with rammed earth are used to measure psi before and during construction to ensure engineering code compliance. #RammedEarthConstruction #SustainableBuilding #GreenBuilding #ThermalMass #EnergyEfficiency #DurableHomes #EcoFriendlyMaterials #ArchitecturalDesign #PassiveHouse

In Arizona's San Rafael Valley, the architectural firm DUST has completed "Casa Caldera," an off-grid dwelling designed to harmonize with the unique historical and environmental context of the region. This area, located 15 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border, is characterized by its volcanic origins, which have resulted in mineral-rich land and a storied history influenced by various cultures and historical events. The design of Casa Caldera directly responds to these influences, emphasizing sustainability and integration with the landscape. The dwelling's construction material, scoria—a porous, lightweight red volcanic aggregate—is integral to its design and performance. This basaltic lava was mixed into a semi-fluid state and pressed into formwork, a technique similar to rammed earth construction, allowing the walls to be self-supporting. This choice of material not only provides excellent thermal insulation due to its 18-inch thickness but also ensures the structure visually blends into its volcanic surroundings. The 880-square-foot home's layout is informed by local architectural typologies, specifically the "zaguan," a central hallway or passage. This design choice addresses the clients' request for both outdoor living and sleeping zones, organizing the interior space efficiently. The house features a rectangular plan divided into three zones: living accommodations and sleeping quarters flank the central zaguan. Large folding metal doors at both ends of the zaguan allow the covered living space to open up to the surrounding landscape, promoting natural light and cross-ventilation. When closed, these partitions offer security and protection. This flexible design allows the central volume to serve multiple functions, from lounging and dining to an additional sleeping area. The zaguan functions as a transitional space, allowing occupants to engage with the natural environment, observe the passage of time, and experience the changing climatic conditions. Heating within the dwelling is provided solely by a wood-burning stove and a fireplace, maintaining the off-grid ethos. Cooling relies on the natural thermal mass of the thick scoria walls and passive airflow, which is managed through strategically placed external operable windows. These windows are intentionally small to minimize direct solar heat gain during the hot summer months, reflecting a careful consideration of solar orientation to optimize indoor comfort without reliance on active cooling systems. Casa Caldera is a testament to custom craftsmanship, with DUST undertaking the fabrication and installation of nearly all components, including the walls, windows, hardware, leather pulls, wood siding, millwork, casework, and framing. This comprehensive approach ensures a cohesive and deeply integrated design. For its utility needs, the dwelling is self-sufficient: an existing well provides water, and a small solar electrical system, situated away from the main house, supplies basic electrical power. Cooking, water heating, and refrigeration are powered by propane gas, further reducing the home’s environmental footprint and reliance on external infrastructure. Completed in December 2015, Casa Caldera represents a harmonious blend of traditional building methods, sustainable practices, and a deep respect for its unique desert environment. #OffGridLiving #SustainableArchitecture #VolcanicRock #ArizonaDesign #DUSTArchitects #CustomBuild #PassiveCooling #Zaguan #DesertArchitecture

The Dancing Light House, located in Paradise Valley, Arizona, is a striking architectural project designed by Kendle Design Collaborative. This residence deeply integrates with its desert environment, featuring geometric shapes that echo the surrounding mountains and using nature as a core influence for its aesthetic. Spanning 5,600 square feet across a single story, the home incorporates various outdoor living areas and is composed of distinct yet interconnected structures. A central design element of the Dancing Light House is its large, floating roof canopy. This sculptural feature provides protection from the elements while also serving as an aesthetic highlight, reflecting both the local geology and the distinctive monsoon cloud formations of the region. The underside of the canopy is lined with wood boards that appear to glow under the desert sun, creating a dynamic visual effect. The design team meticulously concealed lighting and mechanical systems to ensure that the focus remained on the canopy's form and natural materials. Internally, the canopy begins low in the living spaces and gradually ascends, drawing attention to the 180-degree views of Camelback Mountain. Beyond its architectural form, the house draws significant inspiration from natural light, which filters into the interiors through thoughtfully designed crevices. The internal layout is arranged around a central outdoor atrium, facilitating natural ventilation and allowing warm daylight to permeate the living spaces. The material palette emphasizes a connection to nature, with exposed rammed earth walls and cast-in-situ concrete used throughout the interior. These materials provide a rustic texture that is complemented by the integration of metal, glass, and steel, which introduce an industrial touch. The kitchen area maintains a warm, neutral color scheme that harmonizes with the desert surroundings. Bedrooms are equipped with floor-to-ceiling windows to maximize sunlight and views. Bathrooms also feature expansive windows, framing breathtaking mountain vistas. A serene corner reading nook offers a tranquil space for relaxation. The presence of a swimming pool outside creates dynamic light reflections on the interior wall planes, altering the ambiance of the living areas throughout the day. The project involved collaborations with Desert Star Construction for building, PH Structural for structural engineering, Gookin Engineers for civil engineering, GBtwo Landscape Architecture, Inc. for landscape design, Creative Designs in Lighting for lighting, David Michael Miller for interior design, and Bulthaup for cabinetry design, with Wood Design Studios handling cabinets and doors. Photography was provided by Alexander Vertikoff. #DesertArchitecture #RammedEarthHome #FloatingRoof #KendleDesignCollaborative #ParadiseValley #ArizonaHomes #SustainableDesign #NaturalLightIntegration #ModernDesertHome

This blog post showcases a modern, three-level, three-bedroom beach house located on the Victorian coast in Point Lonsdale, Australia. Designed by builder David McDonald for his brother Peter, Peter's wife Lis, and their children Johanna (15) and Charlie (11), the home serves as a family retreat built to withstand the test of time while offering flexible holiday living. The design emphasizes natural materials, clean lines, and high-quality, durable finishes. The house incorporates several distinctive architectural elements, notably a central lap pool with a 12-person spa and a striking curved rammed earth wall. This eight-meter-high rammed earth wall was a deliberate choice to break away from traditional straight lines, adding a sophisticated, earthy touch to the seaside sanctuary. The construction of this feature required careful planning and heavy machinery, especially considering the pool was already in place. The builder aimed for a strong, contemporary design that would blend seamlessly with the surrounding established vegetation, ensuring longevity and timeless appeal. Inside, the home features an open-plan layout bathed in natural light. The kitchen and living area form the central hub, designed for family interaction and direct access to the northern deck and pool. The kitchen boasts European oak for the island benchtop and flooring, complemented by black facades and stainless-steel kickboards, adding a touch of luxury. The dining area continues this aesthetic with a round dining table and sculptural chairs that echo the kitchen island's curves. The entryway is designed to make a bold first impression with its dark and moody aesthetic. Other notable areas include a flexible study space offering stunning views over Point Lonsdale Lighthouse and Port Phillip Heads. Hallways feature timber flooring and railings, which, combined with the rammed earth walls, add warmth to the interior. Bathrooms incorporate natural textures with limestone tiles and European oak vanities, while playful lighting fixtures contribute an industrial, modern touch. Bedrooms, such as Charlie's room and the master bedroom, are enlivened with bright elements like Kip & Co bedlinen and an Ikea rug, providing a fun and contemporary feel. The master bedroom also includes a dark dividing wall to separate the sleeping area from the wardrobe. The exterior of the home features Australian hardwood timber cladding, chosen for its sustainability and ability to age gracefully, further contributing to the architectural integrity. Another favourite design detail of the builder is the cantilevered timber staircase that elegantly follows the curve of the rammed earth wall. The project was completed in 11 months, adhering to a pre-Christmas deadline for the family's holiday celebrations, showcasing the efficiency and dedication of the builder and his team in overcoming construction challenges to deliver a uniquely designed, durable, and aesthetically pleasing beach house. #RammedEarth #BeachHouse #CoastalLiving #ArchitecturalDesign #SustainableMaterials #FamilyHome #ModernElegance #IndoorOutdoorLiving #PointLonsdale #InteriorDesign

The Desert Wash home, designed by architect Brent Kendle of Kendle Design Collaborative, integrates with the Arizona desert landscape through its site-specific design and material choices. This 6,700-square-foot residence in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was created for a family of four and is named after the existing desert dry wash on the property, a drainage area susceptible to severe flooding. To address this natural challenge and embrace the environment, the home features an elevated glazed bridge that spans the dry wash, transforming a potential obstacle into a defining architectural element. The residence is thoughtfully designed to immerse its occupants in the natural surroundings while offering modern comforts and ample space for entertaining. The layout positions the majority of the home, including the master suite and three guest bedrooms, to the north of the dry wash. The foyer, an office, and one guest bedroom are situated to the south, connected by the aforementioned glazed bridge. This separation and connection allow for varied experiences within the home, highlighting the desert views from multiple vantage points. The material palette and neutral color scheme are deliberately chosen to harmonize the expansive structure with the desert environment. Rammed earth walls are a prominent feature, extending from the exterior into the interior, visually and texturally linking the dwelling to the earth. These walls, combined with extensive glazing, flat steel, and wood roofs with deep overhangs, define the architectural character. The use of predominantly white interior walls creates a bright and airy ambiance, serving as a neutral backdrop for the family’s art collection. Kendle Design Collaborative emphasizes that the Desert Wash home utilizes indigenous materials to delineate its main living spaces. The rammed earth walls literally bring the earth into the interior, providing a sense of rootedness and unity with nature. The design reflects a profound sensitivity to the site, respecting its natural topography and characteristics by nestling the home into the earth and spanning over the ancient wash. This approach ensures that the residence not only coexists with but celebrates the unique qualities of the Arizona desert. #DesertArchitecture #RammedEarth #SustainableDesign #ArizonaHomes #KendleDesignCollaborative #SiteSpecificDesign #ModernHome #IndoorOutdoorLiving

The Tecture-designed Deans Marsh House is a tranquil, light-filled residence nestled in the Surf Coast's hinterland, specifically designed to offer a sense of anticipation and seclusion. The home is accessed via a meandering one-kilometer driveway, intentionally concealing its full form until visitors are well into the property. The initial view is a rammed earth wall with a single opening, revealing little of the interior beyond. This design choice, according to Tecture director and lead architect Ben Robertson, was a deliberate psychological play to create a powerful sense of discovery. The owners, transitioning from urban Newtown to Deans Marsh, sought a calm, quiet, and isolated space that would feel warm and cozy, deeply connected to its rural environment. A central design element is the extensive use of rammed earth walls, each 400mm thick, prominently featured throughout the main living areas as per the homeowners' request. The design maximizes the internal exposure of this material, which also forms a significant part of the home's exterior. This natural, environmentally friendly material, combined with timber cladding, drives the home's façade, ensuring it blends harmoniously with the surrounding landscape. The material palette was chosen to complement the rammed earth's tone, avoiding bright whites in favor of earthy and natural hues to facilitate a seamless transition from the clients' previous urban lifestyle. Internally, the home showcases a calming blend of dark and earthy tones, with consistent use of complementary and contrasting materials such as timber, laminates, and travertine. The design intentionally limited the number of materials to avoid complexity and maintain a cohesive aesthetic. This minimalist approach allows the natural material palette of the exterior to extend inward, especially given the remote location where privacy concerns are minimal, enabling large openings and an indoor-outdoor connection. The house is divided into two distinct sections. The living, kitchen, dining, and main bedroom areas are oriented northward to optimize sunlight and solar gain. A 'kids' wing' is situated to the south, primarily intended for occasional visitors. While an ideal design would have elongated the property to ensure all bedrooms benefited from northern light, budget constraints necessitated prioritizing the primary living spaces. Robertson expressed pride in the outcome, highlighting the home's profound sense of discovery, stillness, tranquility, and refined material application, all contributing to a successful and cathartic living environment. #RammedEarth #SustainableDesign #ArchitecturalDesign #RuralLiving #CoastalHinterland #NaturalMaterials #HomeDesign #Tecture #DeansMarshHouse

This article describes a unique sustainable home designed by Breathe Architecture, situated on the banks of Edgars Creek in Melbourne. The residence is notable for its organic integration into the natural environment, aiming to minimize disturbance to existing plant life and land formations. The design philosophy behind the house emphasizes a deep connection to nature, allowing homeowners to experience both indoor and outdoor living simultaneously. The house's architectural layout is structured around a central brise soleil, which functions as the spine, connecting three distinct pavilions dedicated to sleeping, living, and bathing. These pavilions are strategically arranged around a central courtyard. The exterior cladding of each pavilion utilizes raw ironbark, chosen to help the structure blend seamlessly with the surrounding ironbark trees. Inside, the home features recycled Tasmanian oak timber flooring, further highlighting its commitment to sustainable and natural materials. Madeline Sewall, an Associate at Breathe Architecture, explains that the landscape design was intentionally kept simple, reflecting the native environment by using mulch and indigenous plants. This approach ensures that the house's immediate surroundings remain consistent with the broader natural setting of Edgars Creek. The brise soleil on the western side of the house plays a crucial role in regulating the internal environment by providing shade and ventilation. Constructed from grey ironbark posts and incorporating sliding ironbark doors, this feature creates a micro-environment that adapts to changes in sunlight and weather throughout the year. The inner walls of the brise soleil are adorned with tree fern, lomandra grass, and bird's nest fern, enhancing the natural aesthetic and ecological integration. The property also features a rammed-earth wall on its south side, which serves both a functional and aesthetic purpose. This wall shields the house and visually echoes the colors and textures of the nearby sandstone cliffs along Edgars Creek. The garden design blurs the lines between indoor and outdoor spaces, with elements like a zen garden, an in-ground fire pit in the courtyard, and a vegetable garden that extends around the house's perimeter. The client's primary objective for the home was to achieve an intimate connection with nature and foster a lifestyle that operates in harmony with the ecosystem, rather than dominating it. The north facade of the house, which encompasses the living, dining, and kitchen areas, benefits from passive solar orientation. This design choice allows sunlight to naturally penetrate these spaces, contributing to temperature stability and overall thermal performance, reducing the need for artificial heating or cooling. The architectural and landscape decisions collectively illustrate a comprehensive approach to sustainable living, emphasizing material sustainability through the use of recycled and locally sourced materials. #SustainableArchitecture #EcoFriendlyHome #MelbourneArchitecture #BreatheArchitecture #NaturalLiving #GreenBuilding #NativeLandscaping #TimberConstruction

The article explores the concepts of "green" and "sustainable" homes, clarifying that these terms are interchangeable and refer to construction practices that minimize environmental damage. Architect Virge Temme explains that green architecture integrates design, materials, and systems to create homes that are environmentally responsible. While the initial cost of building a green home may be 2 to 5 percent higher, with an additional $3,000 for certification, owners can expect to save 10 to 30 percent in operating costs over the 30-year lifespan of the home, particularly with rising energy prices. The article highlights the personal experience of Guy Fortin and Judy Samida, who are building one of the first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified homes in the nation near Sturgeon Bay, and the first in Wisconsin. Their approach is based on two core principles of green construction: building only what is needed and maximizing insulation. Firm environmentalists, Guy and Judy were also drawn to the idea of self-sufficiency and reducing reliance on external systems. Their home is significantly smaller than initially planned, achieving a 39 percent reduction in size and a nearly 1,400 square-foot smaller construction footprint, thereby preserving more trees. This reduction was achieved by designing multi-functional spaces, a process that required flexibility and open-mindedness. The Fortin and Samida home incorporates nearly all-natural, recyclable materials. Wood is sourced locally through sustainable forestry practices. The concrete foundation slabs serve as the finished floors, integrating in-floor solar hydronic radiant heat and finished with natural waxes and stains. A masonry wood stove provides supplementary heating. The metal roof, made from 80 percent recycled material, is recyclable and functions as a rainwater collection system for non-potable use. The home also features low-flow fixtures, energy-efficient appliances, and solar photovoltaic panels for power. Construction practices include strict recycling, no dumpsters on site, and minimal tree removal, limited to the area necessary for solar panel efficiency. The cleared area will host a septic field and vegetable gardens, watered by the rainwater collection system. The article acknowledges that achieving a fully "perfect" sustainable home is challenging, emphasizing the importance of informed decision-making in all aspects of consumption, from product packaging to necessity. For existing homeowners, the advice is to avoid discarding functional items merely to replace them with green alternatives, as part of sustainability involves reducing landfill waste. Practical steps for existing homes include checking and upgrading furnace and hot water heater efficiency, installing timers on water heaters, and improving attic insulation with materials like icynene. The article also suggests exploring rebates for solar water panel installation, switching to compact fluorescent lightbulbs, opting for carpets made with recycled materials, using low VOC paints, and purchasing energy-efficient appliances. The use of sustainably processed local materials is also encouraged to reduce transportation fuel and support local economies. Finally, the article introduces the LEED for Homes Program, established by the U.S. Green Building Council, which rates homes based on environmental standards for materials, construction, energy systems, and waste management. It also cautions against "greenwashing" and advises homeowners to educate themselves on green building practices and certifications from reputable sources like the Natural Choice Directory, the Whole Building Design Guide, and the Midwest Renewable Energy Association. The article concludes by highlighting the environmental impact of increasing home sizes in the U.S. over the past 50 years, noting that larger homes consume more resources and generate more waste, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. #SustainableHomes #GreenBuilding #LEEDCertification #EnvironmentalDesign #EcoFriendlyLiving #EnergyEfficiency #RenewableEnergy #ResourceConservation

The Rammed Earth House, a finalist for the Terra Award 2016, represents a sustainable architectural endeavor in Ayerbe, Spain, designed by Edra Arquitectura km0. The project aims to rekindle community interest in sustainable building practices that are deeply integrated with the local environment, drawing inspiration from traditional Aragonese earthen structures. Its design incorporates vernacular architecture principles concerning orientation, morphology, and the use of locally sourced materials. Technical advancements were integrated into the traditional rammed earth construction method. For instance, straw was added to the earth mixture to enhance its thermal performance. The architects prioritized low-tech, low-energy, and low-impact materials and building systems. Approximately 80% of the building's mass, including earth, stone, and straw, is derived from local sources. A life cycle analysis conducted from 'cradle to gate' indicated a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to conventional construction. This approach underscores a commitment to environmental responsibility throughout the construction process. The upper floors of the house feature 45cm thick earthen walls, with timber decks supporting the living spaces. The interior and exterior lime plaster utilized the local "calicostrado" technique. A standardized wooden formwork system was employed, which was continuously mounted and filled, streamlining the construction process. Mechanization was introduced to improve both execution efficiency and economic viability. Interior partitions are finished with local clay plasters, and the floors comprise unidirectional swan timber with pine wooden planks for beam fillings. Thermal insulation is a key feature of the house. The roof is insulated with 20cm of sheep's wool to mitigate heat loss in winter and prevent overheating in summer. Inner wooden floors are insulated with natural cork boards. South-facing windows are equipped with heavy interior curtains and exterior wooden roller shutters to manage solar gain and provide shade. For water management, a cistern buried in the patio collects and reuses rainwater. Heating and domestic hot water are provided by a biomass boiler. This modern earth house exemplifies how efficient vernacular architecture principles can be combined with contemporary techniques to foster a reconnection between humans and nature, contributing to a more sustainable architectural future. #RammedEarth #SustainableArchitecture #VernacularDesign #TerraAward #EcoFriendlyBuilding #LocalMaterials #ThermalInsulation #BiomassHeating

The Ranch Mine, a US architectural studio based in Phoenix, has completed a holiday home called Noir Peaks in Flagstaff, northern Arizona. The house is characterized by its black, gabled forms that appear to 'burst vertically from the ground,' reflecting the surrounding volcanic landscape. The location of the property on a grassy, high-altitude plateau in Flagstaff, an area known for its mountains, aspen stands, pine forests, and a vast volcanic field, heavily influenced the design and materiality of the vacation home. The last volcanic eruption in this region occurred approximately 1,000 years ago, leaving a distinctive geological footprint. The Noir Peaks house is built on a two-acre (0.8-hectare) site and consists of a cluster of gabled forms perched on a two-foot-high concrete base. The architectural concept specifically aimed to mimic the volcanic mountains that dot the plateau, with three prominent gabled structures rising vertically. The exterior of the home features fibre-cement, board-and-batten siding, which is painted to match the dark lava rocks prevalent on the site. The spacing of the battens is intentionally varied to evoke the organic and scattered arrangement of nearby aspen trees, contributing to a seamless integration with the natural environment. The design team emphasized the economic construction of the house, stating their goal was to utilize a simple, cost-effective material that could withstand the harsh environmental conditions while achieving an elevated aesthetic through a unique batten pattern. Spanning 2,405 square feet (223 square meters), the interior layout of Noir Peaks is meticulously planned to optimize views of the majestic San Francisco Peaks. The house encompasses multiple communal spaces, a primary suite, three additional bedrooms, a mudroom, a laundry room, and a generously sized garage. The interior design adopts a neutral colour palette complemented by earthy materials such as wood and stone, fostering a warm and inviting atmosphere. For instance, tongue-and-groove hemlock clads the ceilings in the great room and the primary bedroom, adding textural richness and natural beauty. Fireplaces throughout the home are faced with Texas Crème limestone, further enhancing the natural and refined aesthetic. The overall interior ambiance is designed to be cozy and restful, drawing inspiration from the Danish concept of 'hygge.' This philosophy emphasizes creating a comforting and convivial environment that promotes well-being and contentment. In line with this, the designers aimed for the home to serve as a refuge where occupants can recover, rest, reflect, and re-energize in preparation for future adventures. To enhance comfort during the colder months, radiant heated concrete floors are installed throughout the house, providing a consistently warm and pleasant daily sensation. The Ranch Mine has a history of developing projects in Arizona, including a minimalist house in Paradise Valley and a series of townhomes in Phoenix featuring brick, stucco, and weathering steel facades. #VolcanicTerrain #GabledForms #HolidayHome #ArizonaArchitecture #TheRanchMine #SustainableDesign #HyggeInterior #EarthyMaterials #ModernArchitecture

The Debris House, designed by the Indian architectural firm Wallmakers, was conceived as a low-cost, environmentally sensitive dwelling for a family of six in Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. Facing a limited budget, the architects embraced this constraint as an opportunity for innovation, prioritizing the use of recycled and natural materials throughout the approximately 2,000-square-foot home. The design strategy aimed to create a residence that is not only cost-effective but also integrates seamlessly with its environment while resisting the prevalent local trend of constructing homes with glass, concrete, and steel. The home’s name, "Debris House," directly reflects its origin, as the construction utilized remnants from demolished buildings found on the site. This approach extended to the building materials, with the rammed earth walls primarily constructed from soil excavated directly from the site. A notable feature is the spiraled "Debris Wall," a central element created from salvaged recycled materials. This wall defines a central courtyard, which plays a crucial role in the home's passive cooling strategy by facilitating cross-ventilation. Beyond structural elements, the commitment to recycling and local sourcing is evident in the interior design and other components. Furniture within the house was crafted from reclaimed wood, specifically repurposed from the client's old storage boxes. To mitigate solar heat gain, windows are fitted with meter boxes sourced from a local scrapyard, serving as protective screens. The concrete roof and slab incorporate coconut shells into their mix, a technique that effectively reduced the overall quantity of cement required for construction. The architects at Wallmakers expressed their intention for the Debris House to inspire alternative building practices in smaller towns, encouraging them to develop their own distinctive architectural language rather than simply mimicking urban styles. The project exemplifies a blend of whimsical design and practical functionality, while maintaining a strong commitment to environmental responsibility and community engagement. The design integrates a rainwater harvesting and recycling system and employs passive air circulation to enhance its eco-friendly credentials. Through its innovative use of reclaimed and natural resources, the Debris House stands as a testament to sustainable architecture, demonstrating that budget constraints can drive creative and environmentally conscious design solutions. The home’s construction minimizes waste and its environmental footprint by re-purposing materials that would otherwise contribute to landfill. The emphasis on locally sourced materials further reduces transportation costs and carbon emissions, contributing to a truly sustainable model of home building. #RammedEarth #RecycledMaterials #SustainableArchitecture #EcoFriendlyHome #LowCostHousing #NaturalMaterials #IndianArchitecture #PassiveCooling #Wallmakers

In the Valle de Bravo, Mexico, architect Bernardo Chavez Peón designed Los Durmientes, a weekend retreat for a family of five. This project, Peón's first residential endeavor since establishing his Mexico City practice in 2019, aims to integrate the home seamlessly with its natural surroundings. The region, characterized by evergreen woodlands, experiences subtle seasonal changes that deeply influenced the architectural approach. The clients expressed a desire for a space that felt more like a tent than a traditional house, emphasizing their wish for a profound connection to the site itself. Peón’s primary intention was to blur the lines between interior and exterior, particularly in the common areas. A significant focus of the design was a distant view where fog settled between two overlapping hills, creating a captivating display of light and shadows. The expansive living room, considered the heart of the home, is oriented to maximize this vista, offering an alternative to television by encouraging observation of atmospheric shifts like sunlight, rainfall, and mist movements. Other interior spaces strategically frame parts of the landscape or fully open up to invite the temperate climate indoors, fostering a continuous interaction with nature. The material palette further reinforces this immersion. Chavez Peón opted for locally sourced materials, including stone and dark-tinted pine for the structure, Santo Tomás marble for bathroom details, and a combination of wood and Mexican volcanic rock for the floors. This choice was deliberate, reflecting the belief that nature provided the ideal color scheme, and foreign materials would disrupt this harmony. From a distance, the home presents a refined yet organic appearance, as if emerging from the earth or being gradually embraced by it. The varied textures of stone and wood in the façade suggest a timeless quality, hinting at graceful aging even though the project was completed in 2021. The interior spaces are richly textured, mirroring the exuberance of the outdoor scenery. Lavish textiles in muted tones are complemented by accent pieces made from woven palm or terracotta. While some light reflects off warm white furnishings, much of it is absorbed by the darker architectural surfaces, creating a serene and inviting atmosphere for relaxation. The home was conceived as a gathering place for the family and their friends and relatives, offering an escape from urban life. This focus on hospitality led to the addition of a sixth bedroom during the design process to accommodate more guests. Private areas, including bedrooms, feature a noble austerity, balancing minimal furniture with ample natural light and varied textures. The culinary facilities include two full kitchens, one indoors and one on a terrace, connected by a vegetable garden. The dining area is also divided to cater to different group sizes, with floor-to-ceiling windows that can be opened to create a unified ambiance for larger gatherings. A striking feature of Los Durmientes is its swimming pool, situated at the base of the overlapping hills. This simple black rectangular pool, which includes a jacuzzi, serves a sculptural purpose when not in use. Its dark, still water reflects the changing sky, functioning as a piece of land art. The pool is visible from all main areas of the house, allowing residents to observe the movement of clouds on its surface, and when submerged, to feel an intimate connection with the earth. #MexicanArchitecture #ResidentialDesign #NatureImmersion #SustainableMaterials #ValleDeBravo #ModernRetreat #ArchitecturalDesign #IndoorOutdoorLiving

PPAA, a Mexico City-based architectural studio, has completed a guesthouse project for the Danish homeware brand Vipp in Todos Santos, a town located on Mexico's Baja California peninsula. The project marks Vipp's expansion into the hospitality sector. The design emphasizes a harmonious integration with the desert landscape, utilizing pale rammed-earth for both its aesthetic qualities and thermal efficiency. The guesthouse's architecture aims to convey a sense of longevity, appearing as if it has always been an integral part of its environment and is designed to evolve gracefully over time. The structural composition of the guesthouse consists of three distinct square volumes: a primary residence and two guest accommodations. These volumes are strategically arranged around a central courtyard, positioned at each corner and staggered to conform to the natural, gentle slope of the site. This careful placement ensures that each space maintains a degree of privacy while remaining connected to the broader landscape. The design creates a balance between providing shelter from the desert climate and embracing natural elements like ventilation, light, and scenic views. Interior spaces are characterized by their openness, extending onto expansive, stepped terraces. Semi-external living and dining areas are thoughtfully protected by the robust rammed-earth walls. The guest bedrooms feature sliding screens made from the woven branches of the Palo de Arco tree, allowing them to open directly onto the central courtyard. This material choice further enhances the natural integration of the structure. Each of the three volumes is topped with an additional terrace, shaded by fabric canopies supported by metal frames. The largest of these rooftop terraces incorporates a circular swimming pool, which is envisioned as a prime viewing platform for contemplation. From this vantage point, the surrounding landscape, encompassing the desert, ocean, and sky, unfolds in a manner that is both vast and intimate. The material palette primarily features the pale-coloured rammed-earth walls, left exposed throughout the structure, complemented by local stone and wood. The guesthouse is furnished with pieces specifically created by Vipp, further enhancing its bespoke character. PPAA, established in 2018, has a portfolio that includes a mass-timber office building in Querétaro, Mexico, and a concrete villa overlooking Lake Zurich in Switzerland, showcasing their diverse architectural capabilities. The photography for the Todos Santos guesthouse project was undertaken by Anders Hviid. #PPAA #RammedEarth #Guesthouse #MexicanArchitecture #SustainableDesign #Vipp #CoastalArchitecture #DesertArchitecture #Terraces

Rammed earth construction, an ancient technique originating independently in China and the Iberian Peninsula several thousand years ago, is gaining recognition for its numerous green building benefits. This method, utilized in structures like the Hakka Tulou in China and the Alhambra Palace in Spain, offers low embodied energy, recyclability, high thermal mass, low energy loads, and non-toxicity. Terrell Wong, principal of Stone’s Throw Design Inc. in Ontario, Canada, advocates for rammed earth, highlighting its durability and longevity, asserting that a rammed earth house can last 500 years or more without needing paint. Rammed earth walls are constructed in approximately 11.5 ft. panels with flexible joints. The material mix typically includes 20% to 30% clay, sand, and 5% to 10% cement for added strength, with silicate-based waterproofing sometimes incorporated for cold, wet climates. The process involves layering a foot of material into formwork, which is then compressed to 6 inches using a pneumatic tamper. The forms, usually made from Marine-grade plywood and 2x12 walers, are about 20 inches wide and 4 feet tall. For multi-panel walls, a recess on the first panel locks with the second. Conduits for plumbing and electrical wiring are integrated during construction, requiring precise planning as changes are impossible once the wall is set. Walls typically dry within 24 hours and possess a load-bearing capacity comparable to concrete. Despite its ancient origins and proven effectiveness, rammed earth construction remains a niche method in North America. Terrell Wong designs three to four rammed earth houses annually, noting only a handful of builders in Ontario specialize in this technique. Sylvia Cook of Aerecura Rammed Earth Builders emphasizes that the method's thermal mass benefits apply universally, delaying heat gain in hot climates and shifting heat loss in cold climates to periods when solar gain can compensate, thus maintaining consistent indoor temperatures. The limited adoption is primarily attributed to a lack of public and professional knowledge about the system’s versatility across different climates. The distinctive earthy-toned striations characteristic of rammed earth walls are achieved by adding pigment to the cement mix. The ramming process pushes the colors to the formwork edges, creating a natural gradation. Exaggerating the undulations in the formwork can enhance these visual effects. While modern rammed earth construction has advanced, North America lacks specific building codes for it, unlike Australia and New Zealand where codes are formalized, and research even suggests superior seismic resistance compared to brick or block walls. In Canada, builders obtain approval by demonstrating that rammed earth meets existing code requirements, similar to concrete. In colder regions like Ontario, fiberglass rebar is used for structural stability, and recycled polyiso insulation is often integrated into the walls to minimize thermal bridging. The cost of rammed earth projects is influenced by design complexity, with curved or angled walls being more expensive due to the labor-intensive nature of the method. However, by simplifying design and formwork, Terrell Wong successfully applied the technique to an affordable housing project meeting Passive House standards. Many rammed earth homes are hybrids, incorporating elements like stick- or timber-frame walls for interior partitions or upper floors, sometimes combined with straw-bale construction or CLT-panel roofs. The featured single-family home, situated in a rural Ontario subdivision, exemplifies the integration of rammed earth with Passive House strategies. The design maximizes thermal mass, harvests southern light, and utilizes cross breezes to enhance passive ventilation, eliminating the need for mechanical cooling. The home's heating demand is approximately 20 kWh/m2 annually. The exterior walls consist of 530 tons of thermal mass, comprising two 6-inch rammed earth wythes around 6 inches of insulation. The construction’s embodied energy is exceptionally low, as 90% of the unprocessed material was sourced from a nearby gravel pit, and salvaged wood from a local roundhouse was repurposed for the main stair. #RammedEarthConstruction #SustainableBuilding #GreenBuilding #ThermalMass #PassiveHouse #BuildingMaterials #EcoFriendlyHomes #ArchitecturalDesign #CanadianArchitecture