Urban Oasis: Rooftop Gardening in Pittsburgh

In densely populated urban environments like New York City, where ground-level green spaces are scarce, rooftop gardens, terraces, and balconies present a significant opportunity to create vital green oases. With over 40,000 acres of potential rooftop space in NYC alone, these elevated areas can be transformed into private, calming retreats that offer a respite from the frenetic pace of city life. This transformation not only enhances personal well-being but also contributes to urban biodiversity and sustainability. New York-based landscape designer Dima Rumiantcev emphasizes a philosophy of boldness and celebration of available space when approaching urban gardening projects. His design process begins by understanding the client's current use of their outdoor area and their aspirations for its future use. This client-centric approach ensures that the garden design is deeply personal and reflects the homeowner's lifestyle, whether they seek a private shield from the city's hustle or an open, entertaining space that maximizes spectacular views. Rumiantcev aims to create urban gardens that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also low-maintenance, sustainable, and capable of thriving for years to come. Functional and practical considerations are integral to the design process. Lighting is crucial, as many city dwellers enjoy their outdoor spaces primarily at night. The unique challenges of urban rooftop environments, such as the US hardiness zone, sun exposure, strong winds, and fluctuating temperatures, must also be meticulously accounted for. Rumiantcev, the founder of the award-winning DiMastery Studio, brings a deep understanding of horticulture and landscape architecture to his projects, combining creativity with expertise to craft stunning and sustainable gardens. Creating mindful and meditative spaces is a core aspect of Rumiantcev's vision. He views outdoor spaces as an extension of the home, offering an invaluable connection to nature in an otherwise concrete jungle. Observing plants, insects, and butterflies from one's home can provide moments of joy and relaxation, helping to alleviate daily stress and foster a sense of security and connection to the natural world. To enhance this experience, Rumiantcev often incorporates sensory elements such as vibrant colors, fragrant plants, and even edible plants like herbs, strawberries, and tomatoes, which provide a grounding connection to nature through taste and cultivation. When it comes to planting ideas for urban rooftops and terraces, Rumiantcev adopts a "thriller, filler, and spiller" strategy. The "thriller" acts as a focal point, typically a large shrub or tree, while "filler" plants add bulk and texture, and "spiller" plants cascade over the container edges, softening the overall composition. Native plants are his preferred choice due to their resilience and ecological value, but non-invasive exotic plants are also considered when necessary to achieve a desired aesthetic. Plants must be hardy enough to withstand harsh urban conditions, including frozen winters, scorching summers, and strong winds, which are common in New York City's "wind tunnels." Examples of recommended plants include resilient and long-lasting perennials like _Echinacea purpurea_ (purple coneflower) and _Agastache ‘Blue Fortune’_ (hummingbird mint), which provide color from summer to fall and attract pollinators. Ornamental grasses, such as _Hakonechloa macra_ (Japanese forest grass) and _Schizachyrium scoparium ‘Ha Ha Tonka’_ (little bluestem), are ideal for adding texture, privacy, and visual interest, especially with their seasonal color changes. For trees, the compact and hardy coral bark Japanese Maple (_Acer Palmatum ‘Sango Kaku’_) is a standout choice due to its striking foliage and ability to tolerate urban conditions. Beyond aesthetics, supporting urban wildlife is a crucial environmental benefit of rooftop gardens. Rumiantcev advises incorporating wildlife-friendly garden ideas, such as leaving flower seedheads intact and delaying cutting back grasses to provide food and shelter for beneficial insects and birds. Adding late-season, nectar-rich flowering plants supports migratory species like hummingbirds and monarch butterflies. Even small additions, such as fennel plants, can provide habitats for specific species, contributing to local biodiversity. Weight restrictions are a primary concern for rooftop gardens, and structural engineers should be consulted. Lightweight materials like fiberglass planters and natural clay pebbles at the bottom of pots can help manage weight. While container-grown plants have a limited lifespan compared to those in the ground, proper irrigation, root pruning, and regular feeding can extend their vitality. #UrbanGardening #RooftopGardens #LandscapeDesign #NewYorkCity #Biodiversity #SustainableGardening #ContainerGardening #MindfulLiving #NativePlants

This article highlights the remarkable story of Glen Patterson and his rooftop garden in Coal Harbour, Vancouver, alongside a discussion of its environmental benefits and an account of his friendship with renowned landscape architect Cornelia Oberlander. The narrative begins by referencing Christopher Cheung's review of Matthew Soules' book, which posits that luxury units often feature rooftop gardens separated from public spaces. However, Patterson's rooftop garden challenges this notion, serving as an early and successful example of how such spaces can be integrated into urban environments for broader benefits. Patterson's garden, situated atop townhouses on Cordova Street, was not merely a private luxury but a demonstration of sustainable urban design. It showcased how a rooftop garden could effectively mitigate heat sinks, enhance biodiversity, manage rainwater, provide habitats for birds, and increase urban green spaces. The garden was a transplant of a half-century of horticultural stewardship from his previous home on the North Shore, reflecting his deep connection to gardening and a forward-looking approach to urban living. Patterson, a lifelong gardening enthusiast, moved 35 tons of plants and rocks from his former residence across the Lions Gate Bridge to his new condominium in Coal Harbour. This ambitious relocation involved careful planning, including reinforcing the adjacent townhouse roofs and installing a proper membrane to support the garden. The 2,000-square-foot garden was meticulously designed based on Japanese garden principles, particularly shakkei, which integrates distant views of mountains and the ocean into the garden's experience. It featured intricate pathways, a waterfall, and a koi pond, with koi that had been with Patterson for nearly fifty years. He welcomed the public, including garden clubs and enthusiasts, to experience this unique oasis, often requiring them to walk through his apartment to access it, thus making a private space publicly accessible for educational and inspirational purposes. The garden's design incorporated a structural soil made of pumice and coconut fiber, ensuring the health and sustainability of the diverse plant collection without the need for extensive weeding. The article also recounts the meeting and subsequent friendship between Glen Patterson and Cornelia Oberlander, a pioneering figure in Canadian Landscape Architecture. Although Oberlander initially questioned why she hadn't been involved in the design, she quickly bonded with Patterson over their shared passion for landscape design and innovative gardening. Their discussions often revolved around the future of rooftop and balcony gardening, and the potential for transforming urban spaces. This friendship, formed when both were in their 90s, underscored their mutual respect and recognition of each other's contributions to landscape architecture. Both individuals are celebrated for their forward-thinking approaches to greening urban environments. Patterson's garden gained recognition in various publications, including "Green Roofs: Ecological Design and Construction" and "Beauty By Design," highlighting its significance as a model for sustainable urban development. Even after Patterson's passing in 2018, the garden continues to be maintained by one of the townhouse owners, preserving its legacy. Similarly, Cornelia Oberlander, who passed away in May of the article's publication year, leaves behind a substantial legacy in landscape architecture. Both Patterson and Oberlander are remembered as visionary figures who demonstrated the transformative power of rooftop gardens in enhancing urban sustainability and livability. #RooftopGarden #UrbanGreening #SustainableDesign #LandscapeArchitecture #Vancouver #GlenPatterson #CorneliaOberlander #JapaneseGarden #GreenInfrastructure

This blog post highlights a penthouse apartment located at 217 2nd Avenue in the East Village, which was recently put on the market for $2.8 million. The apartment is a full-floor condo that blends old-world New York charm with rustic design elements. This blend is evident in features such as wide plank pine floors, vintage oak cabinets, and a 'lovingly worn' marble sink. The entrance leads into an industrial-chic commercial-grade kitchen, which features a skylight and a spiral staircase. This kitchen area seamlessly transitions into a spacious dining area. The dining area is characterized by exposed brick walls and aged built-in storage, adding to the apartment's rustic appeal. Pocket doors with etched glass separate the dining room from the living room, which is distinguished by oversized windows, crown molding, and a marble-clad fireplace. The penthouse includes two bedrooms, with a clear distinction in size and amenities between them. The master bedroom offers a wall of closets, abundant natural light, and a second wood-burning fireplace, emphasizing comfort and luxury. Conveniently located just outside the master bedroom are a spa bath and a laundry room, enhancing its functionality. In contrast, the second bedroom is described as small and is situated on the opposite side of the apartment, adjacent to the living room and away from the home's second bathroom, suggesting a less private or less comfortable arrangement compared to the master. A unique feature of this penthouse is its rooftop garden, accessed via the spiral staircase in the kitchen. This rooftop space is described as lush, filled with mature plants, and notably includes a vegetable garden. The presence of a private outdoor space, especially a vegetable garden, is a significant amenity for an urban dwelling. The apartment's location is also highlighted, being only blocks away from Union Square, which offers a vibrant city experience with convenient access to various amenities and activities. This combination of traditional design, functional living spaces, and unique outdoor features positions the penthouse as a desirable property in the East Village market, offering a balance of urban convenience and a tranquil, green retreat. #EastVillagePenthouse #RooftopGarden #VegetableGarden #LuxuryRealEstate #NYCArchitecture #IndustrialChic #VintageDesign #Stribling #UnionSquareProximity

This article details the transformation of a small, inner-Sydney garden into a highly functional and aesthetically pleasing courtyard, complete with an entertaining zone, lap pool, and lush green presence. Homeowners Adrian and Tiffany Wilson embarked on this project to complement their renovated two-storey, four-bedroom Victorian terrace, which occupies a compact 153m2 footprint. The primary objective was to create a private, green oasis within a densely populated urban area, maximizing every square centimeter while maintaining a seamless indoor-outdoor flow and an industrial-glam aesthetic. The courtyard garden, measuring a mere 10x5m, demonstrates efficient design by integrating a 5.4m-long plunge pool, an open entertaining area, a garage, and a small patch of lawn. A key innovation is the garage, which serves a dual purpose as a covered outdoor seating area that opens directly alongside the pool, enhancing the versatility of the space. The visual impact is significantly boosted by a verdant vertical garden, described as a living artwork, which also contributes to cooling the area. Complementing this, rooftop gardens provide additional trailing greenery, further enhancing the green appeal of the compact space. Mark Paul, a horticulturist and garden designer, highlights the smart thinking behind incorporating green walls and roof gardens. These features not only offer insulation benefits to the building but also provide a clever solution for meeting mandatory landscaping requirements, particularly in high-density housing where achieving adequate greenery for Development Application (DA) conditions can be challenging. Green walls, in particular, are noted for their water efficiency, requiring daily drip irrigation but consuming only 1.5 liters of water per square meter per day, which is considerably less than traditional garden beds. The roof garden specifically utilizes EcoPillows, modular, lightweight, pre-grown panels made from 94 percent recycled materials, which also protect the roof structure. Adrian, the homeowner, expresses satisfaction with the outcome, emphasizing the efficiency of planting on walls and roofs compared to conventional planter boxes, and noting the low maintenance required. The design also features bespoke steel bifold doors, double-glazed for noise reduction and insulation, and a built-in barbecue with a custom-made concrete benchtop and integrated sink. New Botticino sandblasted marble pavers extend through both the courtyard and carport areas, creating a cohesive look. Stylist Justine Stedman offers practical tips for decorating outdoor zones, suggesting they be approached with the same principles as indoor spaces, using versatile furniture like stacking chairs and atmospheric lighting such as lanterns and tealight candles. She also underscores the role of bifold doors in visually expanding internal living areas, promoting flow, and maximizing natural light. #CourtyardDesign #SmallSpaceGardening #VerticalGardens #RooftopGardens #UrbanLandscaping #OutdoorEntertaining #EcoFriendlyDesign #ModernHome #GardenRenovation

Vertical gardens offer a practical solution for individuals with limited backyard space or those seeking an ergonomic gardening experience. These space-saving units allow for the cultivation of various plants, from herbs and succulents to strawberries, without the need for extensive bending or kneeling. They are particularly well-suited for small porches, balconies, and patios, with many models also suitable for indoor use, depending on lighting conditions and plant type. The selection of a vertical garden involves considering several key factors, including materials, size, and design. Materials commonly used include wood, metal, and plastic, or combinations thereof. Wooden vertical gardens often impart a rustic aesthetic and are generally robust. Metal gardens are known for their durability, lighter frames, and often feature powder coatings to prevent rust and corrosion. Plastic options are typically the most economical, offering versatility and sturdiness, though with less aesthetic charm than wood or metal. Size is another critical consideration, as vertical gardens vary significantly. Some designs maintain a small footprint by stacking planters directly upwards, while others feature planters that extend wider than the base for a more expansive display. Users should consider both the overall height and the height of individual planters, especially for indoor placement or for individuals who prefer not to bend excessively. The article highlights that the selected vertical gardens are top-rated, cover various styles and materials, and cater to different price points, with an emphasis on stability and durability based on past Popular Mechanics reports. The article then details several top recommendations, each with unique features. The Lettuce Grow Farmstand Hydroponic Vertical Garden is highlighted as a sustainable option, made from ocean-bound plastic and using 95% less water than traditional gardening. It's a self-fertilizing system that comes with essential nutrients and a pH testing kit, offering a high-end experience suitable for a range of plant types and featuring various add-ons like grow lights and heaters. For those seeking a visually appealing option for a wall, the Leisure Season Wood Vertical Garden is presented as a stylish, multi-tier cedar structure that can also support climbing plants. It includes drainage holes and plastic liners, and is weather-resistant for both indoor and outdoor use. The Amazing Creation Stackable Vertical Garden Planter is noted for its affordability and versatility, ideal for small plants like strawberries and herbs. Its stackable design allows for adjustable height, and each tier includes a soil separator to prevent leakage. For metal options, the Outland Living Four-Tier Vertical Garden is recommended for its food-grade plastic bins set within a curved, rust-resistant metal frame, suitable for taller spaces. Similarly, the Giantex Vertical Garden offers a stylish wooden design with independently usable, tilted planters for optimal sunlight exposure. The Outland Living Five-Tier Vertical Garden provides a mid-sized metal option with an ergonomic tiered design and powder-coated steel frame. For space-saving wall-mounted solutions, the HilarityMax 36-Pocket Vertical Garden, made of reinforced felt with rust-resistant eyelets, offers an inexpensive way to create a living wall. The Cyan Design Vertical Garden stands out as a stylish indoor option with a cascading design and removable, deep buckets. The Arlmont & Co. Vertical Garden offers a compact, five-tiered plastic design with an independent drainage system, suitable for smaller outdoor areas. Lastly, the Algreen Vertical Living Wall Planter is presented as a durable, weather-resistant wall-mounted option with adjustable planter boxes, while the YardCraft Cedar Vertical Garden is a double-sided cedar model, ideal for accommodating plants with varying sunlight needs, though it requires sealing for outdoor use. #VerticalGardens #HomeGardening #SpaceSaving #IndoorGardening #OutdoorGardening #Hydroponics #GardeningTools #PlantingSolutions #HomeImprovement

Urban gardens present unique challenges due to limited space, varying sunlight, drainage issues, and restricted airflow. These constraints, however, foster creative design solutions that transform compact outdoor areas into functional and aesthetically pleasing retreats. Landscape designers emphasize the importance of thoughtful plant selection and strategic planning to maximize the potential of small gardens, roof terraces, and balconies. This includes focusing on a green palette, selecting water-savvy plants, optimizing container usage, incorporating mirrors for illusion, greening walls, integrating built-in features, and utilizing edimentals. Embracing a diverse palette of green plants is crucial for urban gardens with limited sunlight. Instead of relying on vibrant colors, designers suggest prioritizing variations in texture, mass, and shades of green. Mixing fine-textured grasses with broad-leafed shrubs and perennials, and incorporating ferns and variegated foliage, creates visual interest and depth. Understanding the specific light conditions of a space is vital, as it dictates plant choices that will thrive, rather than merely survive. For sunny spaces, especially balconies and roof terraces, water-wise and drought-tolerant plants are recommended due to potential watering challenges. Selecting plants that can endure longer periods between watering, such as sedums, succulents, dwarf pines, junipers, lavender, rosemary, and thyme, helps manage maintenance. Plants with silvery or blue foliage often indicate sun tolerance and water efficiency. Utilizing containers with built-in reservoirs can further extend watering intervals. When it comes to containers, opting for a few large ones instead of many small ones is advised. Large containers create a more cohesive design and require less frequent watering, as they hold more soil. Mediterranean-themed plants and evergreens are generally more resilient in harsh urban conditions, including reduced water availability and poor air quality. Feature planters, such as a large pot with an olive tree or a tree fern, can also create significant impact in small spaces without clutter. Strategically placed hidden mirrors can subtly enhance the perception of space and light in shady gardens. Rather than overt placement, mirrors concealed behind planting or trellises can reflect light and greenery, expanding the visual boundaries of the garden while avoiding a cliché look. Caution is advised to prevent sunlight reflection onto combustible materials, especially in drought-prone areas. Vertical planting is essential for making urban gardens feel lush and for blurring boundaries. Training vines like climbing hydrangea or Boston ivy on fences or walls, or using wall-mounted planters with cascading plants, adds greenery without consuming floor space. This vertical greenery not only softens hard surfaces but also contributes to pollution absorption and sound dampening. Built-in seating and planters with integrated storage are multi-functional solutions for optimizing space. These custom features provide seating, conceal storage for garden essentials, and introduce planting areas that add height and dimension, making maintenance easier and keeping plants safe from pets or children. Incorporating 'edimentals'—edible plants that are also ornamental—allows for productive gardening in compact spaces. Chilli plants, aubergines, fennel, nasturtiums, and globe artichokes can coexist with ornamental plants, maximizing the utility and beauty of a small garden. Giving an urban garden a theme simplifies design choices and reflects personal style. Whether it's a xeriscape, forest garden, or Japanese garden, a theme guides the selection of colors, materials, and furnishings. It ensures coherence and allows the garden to become a personalized extension of the home. Creating a hideaway within the garden provides privacy and a sense of enclosure. Using pleached trees to frame seating areas or underplanting them with tall grasses, or even forming natural pergolas with umbrella trees, can establish intimate, screened-off zones from overlooking neighbors. Repetition and restraint in design contribute to a calming outdoor space. Limiting the plant palette, repeating forms, colors, or textures, and painting boundaries in a single color reduces visual clutter, creating a more relaxing environment. Focusing on a clear focal point, such as a specimen tree in a large container, can also enhance visual appeal. Designing with the urban heat island effect in mind is crucial. Hard surfaces in cities absorb and release heat, raising ambient temperatures. To counteract this, designers recommend minimizing hard landscaping and maximizing plant coverage to create shade and humidity. Green roofs, wall climbers, and taller shrubs help cool buildings and patios through reduced solar absorption and transpiration. Climbing plants and vertical garden ideas are particularly beneficial in limited spaces, as they add greenery, soften architecture, improve air quality, and provide cooling. Finally, choosing plants and materials for longevity and ease of maintenance is paramount. Evergreens provide year-round structure, while robust, drought-tolerant, and pollution-tolerant varieties reduce upkeep. Natural materials are preferred over alternatives like artificial grass or white render, which may degrade quickly or require extensive maintenance, ultimately bringing more character and durability to the urban garden. Multi-functional features, such as raised beds doubling as benches or garden arches supporting climbers and hammocks, maximize utility without overcrowding, ensuring the urban garden remains a welcoming and open retreat. #UrbanGardening #SmallSpaceDesign #GardenDesign #OutdoorLiving #PlantSelection #VerticalGardens #ContainerGardening #PrivacySolutions #SustainableGardening

This article by landscape designer Matt Leacy provides comprehensive guidance for individuals seeking to establish a sustainable and low-cost rooftop garden, particularly in urban settings where traditional backyard spaces are often unavailable. The overarching goal is to transform underutilized rooftop areas into vibrant green sanctuaries. Before initiating any planting, a critical first step involves thoroughly assessing the structural integrity and condition of the rooftop. This includes verifying that the waterproof membrane is properly sealed, intact, and protected from potential damage. It's also essential to confirm the membrane's compatibility with various garden chemicals and organic compounds, such as fertilizers, composts, and plant leachate. Adequate drainage systems must be in place to prevent water accumulation, and the roof's weight-bearing capacity needs to be ascertained to ensure safety and prevent structural issues. For any large-scale installations, consulting with local councils or engineers for necessary approvals is strongly recommended. Once the structural assessment is complete, the article delves into practical steps for creating the rooftop garden. One suggestion for an easy-to-maintain green surface is the installation of AstroTurf. While the initial investment might be higher, artificial turf offers a low-maintenance solution, eliminating the need for regular watering and mowing. It also drains effectively, conserves water, and boasts a long lifespan, leading to long-term savings in time and money. This option is particularly beneficial for dark, south-facing balconies where natural grass struggles to thrive and provides a clean play area for children and pets, free from mud. The selection of appropriate plants is another crucial aspect. Rooftops are typically exposed to harsh environmental conditions, including intense sunlight and strong winds. Therefore, plants chosen must be resilient and adaptable to these elements. Succulents, various grasses, and coastal species are highly recommended due to their ability to tolerate shallow soil, heat, and dry conditions. Specific examples include Aloe x spinosissima, known as the Spider Aloe, which features rosette-shaped succulent leaves and orange-red flowers, and Senecio mandraliscae, or Blue Chalk Sticks, characterized by silvery-blue cylindrical leaves and yellow daisy-like flowers. The article advises selecting dwarf-like plants and ensuring they are securely fastened to prevent them from being dislodged by storms or high winds. Beyond aesthetics, the article encourages incorporating functional gardening elements. Cultivating a herb garden on the rooftop can provide a beautifully scented space and a continuous supply of fresh herbs for cooking. Herbs like mint, parsley, thyme, rosemary, and chives are lightweight and relatively easy to grow, making them ideal for planter boxes. Furthermore, the creation of an organic vegetable patch is highlighted as a win-win solution. Growing vegetables on a green roof helps absorb sunlight and water while providing fresh, chemical-free produce for the household. It is important to use containers with good drainage to prevent plant roots from penetrating the roof membrane. Recommendations for a healthy year-round veggie patch include iceberg lettuce, snow peas, kale, spinach, zucchini, and cherry tomatoes, emphasizing the benefits of home-grown produce for clean eating. #RooftopGarden #SustainableLiving #UrbanGardening #EcoFriendly #PlantSelection #HomeImprovement #DIYGarden #GreenSpace #OutdoorDecorating

The Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens in Pittsburgh, a LEED Silver-certified landmark founded in 1893, has a long-standing history of showcasing plant beauty and leadership in sustainability. As part of its commitment to environmental conservation, renewable energy, green building design, and healthy living, Phipps has installed LiveWall Green Walls to promote urban horticulture, specifically vertical gardening for fresh produce. This initiative addresses the challenge of limited space for gardening in urban environments, demonstrating an innovative approach to growing vegetables and herbs. Phipps Conservatory offers various programs for adults and youth to educate the public on sustainable gardening practices, including raised-bed vegetable gardening, local food production, and healthy eating. The institution’s Homegrown outreach program has been particularly successful, establishing over 200 vegetable gardens in underserved urban neighborhoods since 2013 to increase access to fresh produce and improve community health. Faced with space constraints for traditional garden plots, Richard V. Piacentini, executive director of Phipps Conservatory, championed the exploration of green walls as a space-saving solution. Dave MacKenzie, president of LiveWall, highlighted that the green wall display is an innovative method for families and community groups to grow their own healthy produce vertically. In 2015, Phipps began testing different living wall systems on the south-facing wall of its Production Greenhouse Facility, including LiveWall Inspire Living Wall Panels. Michael Bechtel, Phipps’ display horticulturist, noted that other tested systems proved inadequate due to insufficient growing medium volume, rapid drying on the sunny wall, material degradation from heat, and the lack of integrated irrigation. The LiveWall Inspire system emerged as the preferred choice due to its ample soil volume and depth, which is crucial for sustaining plants on a sun-exposed wall. Its durable components, made from recycled plastic, and integrated spray irrigation system also contributed to its selection. Bechtel praised LiveWall as a professional and well-designed system capable of scaling to the desired size. The Inspire panels are pre-assembled frames featuring vertical furring tracks for ventilation, horizontal aluminum rails for water distribution, and modular planter boxes that house plant containers with growing medium and pre-grown plants. The system uses precisely metered spray nozzles for irrigation, mimicking natural rainfall. Following successful initial testing, Phipps installed nine additional Inspire standard panels in 2016. The vertical garden now cultivates a variety of produce, including beets, carrots, collard greens, kale, and kohlrabi in spring, and basil, rosemary, thyme, celery root, and various peppers in summer. Bechtel emphasized the importance of selecting an appropriate growing medium, noting that an initial choice of potting soil proved too porous. Switching to a medium with better water retention significantly improved plant growth. Organic slow-release granular fertilizer applied every two to three weeks during the growing season also yielded impressive results. Phipps also maintains a supply of extra inserts for the LiveWall modules, allowing plants to be started in the greenhouse and easily swapped into the vertical garden. This flexibility aids in transitioning between seasonal plantings and preparing the living wall for winter. The vertical gardens at Phipps Conservatory serve as a platform for studying and evaluating the cultivation of edibles on space-efficient vertical gardens. This forward-thinking approach enables Phipps to provide education and support to homeowners, schools, and community organizations on planning, installing, and maintaining their own green walls. Visitors can observe organically grown vegetables and herbs on the green walls and then enjoy these fresh ingredients in dishes served at Café Phipps, recognized by Food & Wine magazine as a “Best Museum Restaurant.” #VerticalGardening #LiveWall #PhippsConservatory #UrbanHorticulture #GreenWalls #Sustainability #EdibleGardens #SustainableGardening

The Danish National Archives Green Roof Garden, also known as Rigsarkivets grønne taghave, was completed in the summer of 2009. This expansive 7,200 m2 publicly accessible roof garden serves as an urban green space situated at the junction of Bernstorffsgade and Kalvebod Brygge in Copenhagen. It forms an integral part of a larger 1-kilometer elevated green pedestrian and cyclist park street, offering city dwellers a unique area for recreation, including cycling, skateboarding, and enjoying nature. The project originated from a local plan adopted in December 2005 by the Copenhagen Citizens’ Representation, which facilitated a public-private partnership for the construction of a new building and the roof garden on the former freight station site at Kalvebod Brygge. Initially, the partnership OPP Pihl Arkivet A/S was responsible for financing and operation, but following E. Pihl and Søn's bankruptcy in 2013, the facility's administration transferred to the Danish Agency for Castles and Cultural Properties. The development encompassed the construction of a new storage facility for the Danish National Archives and the conversion of the Danish National Railway’s former Freight Terminal into new offices on its lower floors. The roof garden was conceived as a new recreational urban amenity, providing a green space in a bustling part of Copenhagen, with future plans to connect Bernstorffsgade and Knippels Bro. Known as “The Green Strip,” it is located near the harbor, offering views of the harbor bath. The design interprets the architectural reliefs of the new Danish State Archive walls, creating an ornamental pattern of paths, lawns, and planted areas. These varied fields contribute to a diverse aesthetic in terms of color, texture, and function, visible both from the garden level and surrounding buildings. The primary functions of the Danish National Archives Green Roof Garden are to offer a public pedestrian thoroughfare and establish a tranquil garden environment in central Copenhagen. It also acts as a green buffer between large buildings, enhancing urban biodiversity, managing rainwater, and helping regulate the temperature of the archive buildings. Schønherr, the landscape architecture firm behind the project, paid particular attention to the growing media and drainage systems to maximize water retention. Special soil, layers of crushed brick, and water reservoir plates are used to significantly reduce or delay the amount of rainwater entering the sewer system. The garden features a rich variety of over 40 plant species, including ground-covering perennials, sedum, ornamental grasses, bulbs, and climbing plants. It is estimated that 60-80% of the rainwater on the roof garden either evaporates or is absorbed by the plants, minimizing the building's impact on the sewer system during heavy rainfall. A significant challenge during construction was managing the weight load, which was specified between 250 kg/m2 and 580 kg/m2. This constraint dictated the choice of vegetation types. Approximately 3,000 cubic meters of material were lifted by crane and manually distributed. All elements within the garden are designed as freestanding and are not secured to the structure, influencing the design and installation of the roof garden's components and fittings. In recognition of its design, Schønherr received the Beautification’s environmental diploma for the project in 2011. While sometimes likened to “Copenhagen’s High Line,” the Danish National Archives Green Roof Garden differs conceptually and operationally. Unlike New York City’s High Line, it does not generate pedestrian traffic from adjacent architectural uses due to the impermeable walls of the Archive Building. The northern section is a canyon-like space, while the southern entrance features a gradual ascent via ramped concrete platforms lined with planting beds. Further along, the route broadens, revealing restaurants, housing, and playgrounds. #GreenRoof #UrbanGardens #CopenhagenArchitecture #SustainableDesign #LandscapeArchitecture #RainwaterManagement #Biodiversity #PublicSpace #Schonherr

This article details the transformation of a Tribeca penthouse in Lower Manhattan, originally a Philadelphia Cream Cheese cold storage warehouse from the 1920s, into a modern residence with a secret rooftop garden. The project, led by Baird Architects, aimed to blend the building's historic industrial character with refined, modern minimalist design. The homeowners, a family seeking outdoor space and loft living, undertook a complete gut renovation. The design philosophy involved exposing the existing historic elements of the loft, such as brick and heavy timber beams, and contrasting them with contemporary materials and finishes. The penthouse's highlight is its rooftop garden, designed by RKLA Studio with wild grasses and plants from Roger Miller Gardens, which offers expansive city views and a peaceful escape from the urban environment. This outdoor space includes two distinct areas: a dining zone featuring a full stainless steel outdoor kitchen with a fridge, grill, and worktop, and a lounging area secluded by privacy bushes and a parasol. Matthew Baird of Baird Architects explains that the client desired a roof deck for light, privacy, outdoor cooking, and entertainment. The architectural modification involved adding floor-to-ceiling glass and sliding doors by Skyframe to seamlessly connect the indoor and outdoor spaces. Inside, the renovation reconfigured the penthouse and its staircase. A previously large bedroom/bathroom suite was downsized to create an open entertaining space directly connected to the main living areas below via a skylit stair. Adjacent to a smaller bedroom, an upstairs sitting area was developed, bridging the indoor-outdoor transition with a vibrant color palette of blues and yellows. The interior design, handled by the sister duo 2Michaels, incorporated a luxurious feel with pieces like a vintage Vladimir Kagan Serpentine sofa, a Costela Chair by Martin Eisler, and a Lindsey Adelman Studio chandelier, all set against super white walls. The downstairs area shifts to a moodier, more 'gritty' downtown New York aesthetic, emphasizing the loft's historic context. Exposed brick and timber beams are paired with minimalist detailing of plaster and darkened steel, creating a deliberate contrast between old and new. Lighting fixtures were carefully selected to complement the contemporary loft style without appearing overly industrial. Smooth Venetian plaster on the walls provides texture and contrasts with the 19th-century brickwork. The designers mitigated the potential sterility of industrial living rooms through layered textures, curated furniture, and decorative elements. Key pieces include a 48-inch diameter vintage Sputnik chandelier, a B&B Italia sofa, and a Sergio Rodrigues Benjamin lounge armchair. The living room flows into a dining area featuring a custom walnut table and chairs by Carlos Motta. The open-plan layout was crucial for allowing natural light to penetrate the expansive space, particularly given the typical loft layout with windows at opposite ends. Additionally, a cozy den with wall-to-wall couches and a continuous strip skylight provides a contrasting, intimate retreat from the airy penthouse. #ManhattanPenthouse #RooftopGarden #LuxuryInteriors #ModernLoft #TribecaArchitecture #OutdoorLiving #HistoricRenovation #InteriorDesign #ArchitecturalTransformation

The ROCH Israel Roof Garden project involved the transformation of an unused rooftop space at the Israeli offices of a global pharmaceutical company into a functional and aesthetically pleasing recreational area for employees. The building, constructed in the 1990s and four stories tall, features a setback on its third floor, which created an open, triangular rooftop area. This space, approximately 180 square meters, was previously covered only with black waterproofing material and remained undeveloped for several years. The design brief aimed to create a roof garden that would serve as a recreational amenity for the staff. The proposed plan divided the triangular space into three distinct zones: "the lobby," the "living room," and "the garden." The "lobby" area is situated at the base of the triangle, directly accessible from the building's interior through a single door. This section is visually separated from the main living space by a deliberate arrangement of greenery. The "living room" constitutes the primary functional area, furnished with tables and chairs to accommodate employee gatherings and relaxation. Along one of its longer sides, it abuts the building wall, which is softened and integrated into the design by a linear garden. The opposing side, facing west, features a line of trellises designed to provide shade. These trellises are constructed from steel and incorporate a specialized aluminum mesh that offers substantial shading. To mitigate the impact of the lower western sun rays, jasmine plants are cultivated to climb the trellises and supporting cables, creating a natural green barrier. Both ends of this linear "living space" are punctuated by rock formations, which serve as visual focal points. "The garden" occupies the narrow tip of the triangular rooftop. This section incorporates additional rock formations, a stepping stone path, and various types of greenery. It culminates in a thick bed of Miscanthus grass, contributing to a sense of depth and perspective at the far end of the roof. This garden area is seamlessly connected to other green elements distributed throughout the space, particularly those located between the building wall and the wooden deck. To enhance the visual interest and acknowledge the changing seasons, a diverse selection of plant materials of varying heights was chosen. These plants include Nandina, Carissa, Jasmine, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Miscanthus, complemented by seasonal bulbs such as Ornithogalum lanceolatum, Narcissus, and Hyacinth. The installation of the garden was undertaken by Rov Noy, an Israeli company specializing in roof gardens, which utilized ZinCo's green roof system from Germany for this project. The construction was finalized in the spring of 2004. Since its completion, the roof garden has been actively used by employees for daily activities and special events, receiving positive feedback from the client. #RoofGarden #CorporateGreenspace #GreenRoofSystem #LandscapeArchitecture #EmployeeAmenities #SustainableDesign #ZinCo #UrbanGardening #Israel

This article explores various inspiring rooftop deck ideas to transform outdoor spaces into functional and aesthetically pleasing areas. The ideas range from modern designs with sweeping views to cozy setups featuring fire tables and fireplaces, catering to different preferences and space constraints. The first concept highlights a modern second-story deck by @kaylen.flugel.design, characterized by contemporary furnishings and impressive tree views. The use of black exterior paint, specifically Mopboard Black by Benjamin Moore, is noted for its contrast with greenery and its coordination with the home's interior aesthetic. Another idea presented is a rooftop deck equipped with a fire table and built-in seating, designed by @pitchconcepts. This design emphasizes comfort and social interaction, offering stunning views of cityscapes like the Chicago skyline. The inclusion of arborvitae helps to break up the urban gray, creating a more natural feel. The article also addresses small rooftop spaces, demonstrating how even limited areas can be made luxurious. Realtor Anthony Guthmiller of @aluxedesign's project showcases a small rooftop deck refreshed with white stucco, potted plants, an outdoor rug to define the sitting area, and café lights for ambiance, proving that size does not limit luxury, especially with a waterfront view. For cooler climates or evening use, a rooftop deck with a fireplace is suggested, as exemplified by a design from @rockwell_custom. This setup features a stone fireplace, an outdoor rug, and boho-style seating, fostering a warm and inviting atmosphere. The article encourages turning towards the glowing fire for a different view when not admiring the skyline. A DIY approach to rooftop decks is also covered, with Tamara of @everydaycottage illustrating how a flat-roofed porch can be converted into a beautiful outdoor retreat by reinforcing the ceiling, adding white railings, and creating door access. Similar outdoor loungers and wood stump side tables are recommended to replicate this look. The aesthetic appeal of a black-and-white rooftop deck is explored through a design by @ladecks. This concept emphasizes a chic and simple formula: modern gray decking, streamlined black railings, black chairs, a white outdoor sectional, and black-and-white striped pillows, resulting in a cohesive and stylish space. For a more opulent feel, a sophisticated rooftop deck by Four Brothers Design + Build is featured. This design incorporates matching armchairs for a conversation area, rich textures, an elegant blue and white color scheme, and a wood accent wall that adds warmth. Potted ferns are highlighted as a savvy finishing detail that enhances the overall lushness of the space. Finally, the article discusses the appeal of a grassy rooftop deck, suggesting artificial turf as a practical alternative to real grass for lounging or play, especially when considering the complexities of growing natural grass on a deck. Products like Tile Tech's Turf-Tray rooftop deck system, with its adjustable pedestals and lightweight trays, are mentioned as suitable options for such applications. The article concludes by recommending multi-level deck designs for those desiring a luxurious deck with multiple seating areas, offering a comprehensive guide to maximizing rooftop outdoor spaces. #RooftopDeck #OutdoorSpace #HomeDesign #PatioIdeas #DIYProjects #ModernDesign #ExteriorDesign #LandscapeArchitecture

Cultivating a balcony herb garden is an excellent approach to growing fresh, aromatic, and culinary herbs, even when outdoor space is limited. This guide provides comprehensive advice for both novice and experienced gardeners on transforming a balcony, patio, or terrace into a thriving herb haven. It emphasizes the versatility of herbs, noting that many varieties exist that are suitable for diverse growing conditions, including full sun or shade, and possess various medicinal, culinary, and aromatic properties. Before initiating a balcony herb garden, careful planning is crucial. This involves selecting appropriate pots, containers, and a variety of herbs and edible plants that will thrive in the specific space. Urban gardening expert Alexis Bumpers highlights the effectiveness of using pots and containers to cultivate different heights, foliage, floral colors, and tastes, thereby maximizing the use of limited outdoor areas. Key to successful small-space gardening is choosing bushy, compact, and dwarf varieties of plants. Recommended herbs include thyme, basil, oregano, cilantro, sage, and dill. Additionally, combining herbs with edible plants like strawberries, peppers, lettuce, and tomatoes is beneficial, as companion planting can deter pests and yield better results. Maximizing growing space can also involve integrating window boxes and vertical garden ideas, with various planters available for purchase. When selecting herbs, gardeners should consider the specific growing conditions of their location, guided by US hardiness zones, and their personal preferences. Grouping herbs with similar environmental needs, such as drought-tolerant plants like rosemary, sage, and oregano, which prefer sunny spots and minimal watering, ensures optimal growth. Incorporating a mix of evergreen crops, such as rosemary or bay, with deciduous plants like basil or chives, ensures year-round interest and fragrance. Including both foliage and flowering plants, such as evergreen bay with lavender varieties, further enhances the aesthetic appeal. Lemon verbena, known for its lime green foliage and suitability for tea, can provide vertical interest, while chamomile, with its daisy-like flowers, is excellent for a herbaceous middle layer. Chives, a low-maintenance herb with a delicate onion-garlic flavor and attractive lilac-pink flowers, are also highly recommended for balcony gardens. When planting, using a high-quality potting mix with good drainage, supplemented with sand, grit, or perlite if needed, is essential. Consistent watering, especially during summer, is vital, with the general practice being to water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Fertilizing is also crucial for container-grown plants, as they rely entirely on external nutrients throughout the growing season. During winter, herbs can be protected from frost and snow by placing them against the exterior walls or near windows, where the warmth from the building creates a microclimate. For shaded balconies, mint and chives are good choices, though their flavor might be less intense, and bloom production might be lower compared to plants grown in full sun. Propagating herbs through cuttings or division is a cost-effective way to expand a collection, often achievable by obtaining cuttings from friends or existing plants. This practice contributes to a sustainable and ever-growing balcony herb garden, adding both beauty and utility to any small outdoor space. #BalconyGardening #HerbGarden #ContainerGardening #UrbanGardening #PlantingIdeas #GardeningTips #SmallSpaceGardening #HomeGardens #OutdoorLiving

Piet Oudolf, a renowned Dutch garden designer, emphasizes that stepping into one of his gardens is akin to entering a dreamlike meadowscape. His unique ability to craft such immersive private gardens extends to urban public spaces, making his work accessible in bustling cities. Oudolf prioritizes the 'architecture' of a plant as highly as its bloom color, creating complex plantings layered with numerous species. This approach evokes a sense of spontaneity, despite meticulous planning. His notable projects include gardens for Serpentine Galleries in London, Noma in Copenhagen, and a significant installation at Hauser & Wirth’s Somerset garden, which featured 57,000 plants. He also designed a perennial-rich rooftop garden in Manhattan and, believing in the therapeutic power of plants, completed the garden for Maggie’s Centre at the Royal Marsden Hospital in Sutton in 2019. From his home, an old farmhouse in Hummelo, Netherlands, where he has resided with his wife Anja since 1982, Oudolf shared insights during an interview. He discusses transforming miniature plots, his work for Vitra’s HQ, and the increasing reliance on local pleasures, particularly gardens. He advises aspiring gardeners to 'Buy the plants you like, don’t try to be a designer,' encouraging them to observe successful plant combinations in gardens they admire and apply these ideas to their own smaller spaces. Oudolf considers public gardens and private gardens differently. While private gardens are highly personal, catering to a family's or owner's specific preferences and potentially complicated by individual needs like play areas for grandchildren, public gardens serve a broader audience. Public spaces come with their own set of restrictions, such as safety concerns, but offer a unique opportunity to expose urban dwellers to nature. He believes that projects like the High Line in New York encourage people to engage with and ask questions about the natural world, even if the seemingly wild appearance is carefully curated. When designing, texture is Oudolf's primary consideration, followed by color. He views texture as the 'architecture' or 'character' of a plant, explaining that a plant's personality is evident even without flowers. While flowers are beautiful, their ephemeral nature means that a garden needs plants that offer interest beyond just blooms. His approach to garden design is holistic, considering all seasons. He emphasizes that every season and its unfolding events contribute to the garden's enjoyment, from the freshness of spring to the subtle details that capture attention. His planning process for a new garden takes at least a year, ensuring the availability of specific plants for his unique planting palette, which sometimes requires sourcing from international locations. Oudolf has been involved in significant current projects, including the Vitra campus garden and the Detroit Oudolf Garden in Michigan, both managed with remote collaboration due to travel restrictions. He highlights the importance of trusted teams and a strong network for successful implementation. Reflecting on the impact of events like the Covid-19 pandemic, Oudolf believes that people are rethinking their lives, leading to a greater appreciation for nature and local resources. He anticipates a future where communities become more self-sufficient, travel for pleasure decreases, and gardening gains increasing importance as people seek satisfaction closer to home. #PietOudolf #GardenDesign #LandscapeArchitecture #UrbanGardening #PlantingDesign #HummeloGarden #VitraGarden #HighLine #HauserWirth

Living walls (LWs) are a significant component of urban green infrastructure, offering numerous environmental and human benefits such as mitigating the urban heat island effect, enhancing biodiversity, improving building insulation, managing stormwater, reducing noise, and purifying air. However, there is a recognized lack of comprehensive data regarding plant selection and performance in LWs, particularly in temperate climates with frost periods. This three-year interdisciplinary study, conducted in a temperate oceanic climate in southwest Germany, investigated the suitability and development of 34 perennial plant species in a textile-based LW system, aiming to increase plant diversity in such installations. The research utilized four experimental walls exposed to different cardinal directions (south, north, west, and east). Perennials, including shrubs, ferns, grasses, and geophytes, were selected based on their high soil moisture requirements and grouped into two design modules: "cascade" (tall, hanging plants) and "ground cover" (low-spreading plants). The textile mat system was soil-free, necessitating continuous overwatering with a nutrient solution. Plant development was continuously monitored, and parameters such as visual attractiveness, growth height, growth form, winter survival rate, pest and pathogen susceptibility, and biomass were assessed. The findings revealed that certain species demonstrated consistent attractiveness throughout the year, including during winter. These included *Tellima grandiflora* ‘Rubra’, *Waldsteinia ternata*, *Pachysandra terminalis*, and *Heuchera Hybride* ‘Purple Petticoats’. Other plants like *Ajuga tenorii* ‘Mauro’, *Alchemilla caucasica*, *Hosta sieboldii* ‘Harry van Trier’, *Glechoma hederacea*, and *Geum coccineum* ‘Carlskaer’ exhibited appealing ornamental effects and summer flowering. Ferns and *Waldsteinia ternata* showed delayed but good growth and leaf texture. The study highlighted significant differences in winter survival rates, especially after a particularly harsh winter, underscoring the importance of selecting robust, winter-hardy species. Growth forms varied, with some plants showing adaptive vertical growth, initially growing towards the sun and then falling due to gravity. The competition for space and resources among plants also influenced their development, with larger plants sometimes overshadowing smaller ones. It was noted that positioning smaller plants in the upper sections of LWs could prevent them from being overgrown. Pest and pathogen issues were minimal, with affected parts being removed rather than treated with pesticides, aligning with urban sustainability principles. The study found that plant performance varied depending on the wall's exposition. North-facing walls, despite slower initial growth due to limited light, presented a more attractive plant picture in winter. Conversely, south, east, and west exposures supported greater plant growth and more vibrant floral displays in summer. The research also identified instances of frost drought, particularly for water-intensive species on east-facing walls, where freezing conditions followed by intense sun led to dehydration. The methodology, combining visual ratings with quantitative measurements of growth height, biomass, and leaf area, proved effective in assessing plant suitability. The results culminated in a comprehensive list of plants, categorized by their suitability for LWs under varying conditions, facilitating better planning for future LW designs. While the findings are specific to the textile-based system and climate zone studied, they emphasize the need for interdisciplinary research and careful consideration of plant characteristics, system design, and maintenance strategies for successful and sustainable LW projects. This includes prioritizing robust, winter-hardy species, managing plant competition, optimizing plant placement based on light and growth habits, and planning for seasonal maintenance to ensure continuous aesthetic appeal and ecological function. #VerticalGardens #LivingWalls #UrbanGreening #PlantSelection #HorticultureResearch #PerennialPlants #SustainableDesign #ClimateAdaptation #LandscapeArchitecture

This article highlights the family home and garden of landscape architects Mike and Jennifer Lucas in Healdsburg, California, detailing their collaborative design approach to create a harmonious indoor-outdoor living space. The couple, principals at Lucas & Lucas, a landscape architecture firm, met at Cal Poly Pomona and have infused their shared design philosophy into their personal residence. Their half-acre property, located in the Hidden Acres area, features an intricate garden designed for exploration and relaxation, characterized by dry-stacked stone walls and pea-gravel pathways that descend a hillside. The renovation of their 1960s-era rancher began in 2017, several years after they purchased the home in 2010. Jennifer Lucas spearheaded the interior remodel, focusing on improving the home's flow without altering its original footprint. Key changes included creating a new, well-organized front entry and expanding the kitchen into the former living room space. Crucially, the interior was opened up to the backyard through new decking and a stairway leading to a newly installed pool area. This design aims to draw visitors from the front door through the house and seamlessly into the garden, emphasizing an integrated indoor-outdoor experience. Inside, the home is described as bright and family-friendly, adorned with comfortable furnishings, local artwork—including pieces by their daughter Flora—and numerous houseplants that reinforce the connection to nature. A notable design element is a large, Noguchi-style pendant light, which serves both as illumination and a decorative feature visible from the garden. Mike Lucas, meanwhile, took charge of the backyard landscape design almost immediately after they moved in. He envisioned and executed a series of semicircular stone walls and terraces to transform the steep terrain into functional areas for dining, bocce, and gathering around a firepit. The construction of these walls involved dry-stacking local Sonoma County tufa stone, a process Mike undertook with considerable personal effort due to budget constraints. The sheer volume of rock delivered to their property became a humorous point of curiosity for their neighbors, who dubbed it the “Hidden Acres mystery house.” The couple reflects that this extensive renovation, both inside and out, significantly refined their understanding of practical and effective design, reinforcing the idea that thoughtful planning, rather than mere expansion, creates the most inviting spaces. For instance, they reduced the size of a wraparound deck that was underutilized, replacing it with smaller, more strategically placed decks that encouraged direct access to the garden and pool. The Lucas home has a history as a neighborhood gathering spot, a tradition the current renovations have revived. During summer, the family and their children, Owen and Flora, frequently use the pool, hosting jumping contests and enjoying outdoor meals with neighbors. Despite the challenges of maintaining a terraced garden compared to a flat lawn, the Lucases appreciate the visual interest and unexpected discoveries their unique landscape offers. The article concludes by noting that while the couple initially envisioned this as their permanent home, they remain open to future design projects in Healdsburg, applying the lessons learned from their own home’s transformation. Their book, “Architectural Gardens: Inside the Landscapes of Lucas & Lucas,” co-authored with Thad Orr, further details their design philosophy. #LandscapeArchitecture #GardenDesign #Healdsburg #SonomaCounty #IndoorOutdoorLiving #HomeRenovation #FamilyHome #DesignProcess #CaliforniaLifestyle