10 homes that make clever use of lightwells to bring daylight in

The increasing urbanization of our world has led designers to seek innovative methods for integrating nature into daily living and working environments. This article explores the concept of biophilic lighting, which aims to enhance human well-being by fostering a connection to nature through light. Biophilia, derived from the Greek phrase meaning "love of living things," has long influenced various design fields, including architecture and interior design, by encouraging the incorporation of natural elements into spaces. Biophilic design extends beyond merely adding houseplants; it involves creating products that are not only aesthetically pleasing and functional but also contribute to mental and physical health by mimicking natural conditions. Biophilic lighting specifically focuses on the interplay of light and shadow, replicating natural light phenomena such as sunlight, moonlight, or starlight through dynamic or diffused illumination. Architectural features like wide glazing, open facades, terraces, and roof glazing are utilized to introduce varying intensities of light and shade, mirroring natural outdoor settings. The article showcases ten distinct examples of biophilic lighting designs that embody these principles. One featured design is Arik Levy's North floor lamp from Vibia, which uses multiple arms to direct light precisely, creating botanical motifs that complement natural color palettes and elements within a space, as demonstrated in Bratislava's Mirror Bar. Another innovative example is the Mygdal Plant Lamp, a self-sustaining ecosystem encapsulated within a light fixture, featuring LED grow lights and an intelligent watering system that eliminates the need for maintenance. Similarly, the Babylon Pendant Light, inspired by the ancient Hanging Gardens, offers a versatile lighting solution that incorporates plants without the typical mess of potting. For those who prefer a minimalist approach, the Luxie concept by Qvarta features a narrow stem for flowers or foliage, encircled by a wall ring light that illuminates the room in a contemporary style. Marjan Van Aubel's Sunne introduces circadian lighting, which adjusts light intensity and spectrum to align with human biological clocks, thereby improving comfort and productivity. This self-powered solar light collects energy during the day to illuminate interiors at night, blending elegant design with modern technology. Dyson's LightCycle Morph Desk lamp also integrates circadian principles, using daylight-tracking algorithms to adapt color temperature and brightness based on the time of day, and offers personalized settings according to the user’s age and location. The Nana Lure 48 by Pelle exemplifies nature-inspired designs, combining realism with abstract botanical forms to create unique luminaires. Lanzavecchia + Wai's Biophilia lamp, created using 3D printing, is described as an industrial product that mimics a living organism, with a network of veins seemingly feeding the light source. The mySun desk lamp by Sunlight Inside is designed to replicate natural light cycles from near the equator, actively mixing six colors to deliver daily and seasonal light variations, which can enhance mood, energy, and sleep, particularly beneficial in northern regions. Lastly, Vibia’s Brisa floor lamp, named after the Spanish word for "breeze," features a soft, graceful silhouette reminiscent of a delicate flower, providing a calming presence that complements open spaces. These examples collectively highlight how biophilic lighting is becoming increasingly vital in modern design, offering organic touches to artificial light sources and integrating natural qualities into interior environments. #BiophilicLighting #LightingDesign #SustainableDesign #InteriorDesign #CircadianLighting #SmartHome #NatureInspiredDesign #ProductInnovation

Lighting plays a critical role in interior design, influencing both aesthetics and the emotional atmosphere of a space. An effective lighting concept can accentuate architectural features and foster a sense of ease, while a poorly executed one can detract from an otherwise well-designed room. Carmelo Zappulla of Lighting Studio External Reference emphasizes that light is essential for adding an emotional element and animating a space. Among the various artificial lighting options available, indirect lighting stands out as a versatile and effective technique. Indirect lighting works by directing light fixtures towards surfaces that then reflect the light, resulting in a softened, more evenly distributed glow rather than harsh, direct beams. This method minimizes shadows and reflected glare, making it particularly suitable for environments with reflective surfaces like computer screens, mirrors, or televisions. While often considered a form of ambient lighting, indirect light can also function as accent lighting, highlighting specific architectural details or drawing attention to points of interest within a room. This dual capability allows it to both provide general illumination and subtly emphasize key elements. This article showcases 15 interior examples from ArchDaily's database, demonstrating the effectiveness of indirect lighting across five distinct typologies: wellness, cultural, residential, office, and retail spaces. In wellness areas, such as hotels, commercial, or private spas, indirect lighting is frequently used to create a soothing and visually appealing ambiance. Fixtures often adopt organic shapes, like circles or waves, or hidden LED strips are employed to highlight textured walls, pools, or delineate relaxation zones for clear navigation. For public cultural spaces like museums, libraries, or art galleries, indirect lighting proves invaluable. By strategically positioning light sources to reflect off surfaces onto display objects or their backgrounds, designers can subtly guide the viewer's eye. This approach imparts a mysterious quality, ideal for showcasing impactful art pieces or old books without the risks of heat damage or an overly theatrical effect that direct spotlights might create. In residential interiors, bathrooms and kitchens are prime candidates for indirect lighting accents due to their abundance of reflective surfaces. Private bathrooms benefit from the flattering quality of reflected light, which generates a warm, relaxing atmosphere and often enhances mirror appearances. In kitchens, indirect light sources can visually elevate features such as islands, open cabinets, or floating shelves, adding a sophisticated touch to the space. Office environments, being screen-dense, significantly benefit from indirect lighting. Its soothing emotional effect makes it particularly suitable for high-stress settings. By complementing necessary task lighting with indirect light in common areas or break rooms, employers can establish distinct zones for relaxation, thereby promoting employee well-being, happiness, and increased productivity. Finally, retail interiors leverage the calming effect of indirect light to their advantage. A warm, inviting atmosphere encourages visitors to linger, allowing sales staff more time for detailed conversations about products. Furthermore, indirect light enhances the visual appeal of merchandise, making it an excellent choice for clothing stores and changing rooms where flattering illumination is crucial. These examples collectively illustrate how indirect lighting can elevate a diverse range of spaces beyond their structural boundaries. #IndirectLighting #InteriorDesign #LightingDesign #ArchitecturalLighting #WellnessSpaces #CulturalArchitecture #ResidentialInteriors #OfficeDesign #RetailDesign

Modernizing a home's lighting involves more than simply selecting light fixtures; it encompasses the strategic choice of pieces, their design, placement, and their overall impact on the space. Lighting functions as a crucial element in home decor, whether it involves table and floor lamps for living rooms or architectural lighting for kitchens. Natural light can be enhanced with artistic pendants, ornate chandeliers, and custom fixtures that serve as statement pieces. These elements can be used to establish distinct moods, settings, interior design styles, and aesthetic feels within a home. The article presents ten innovative ideas from interior designers to achieve a modern lighting scheme. The first approach is to animate corners with a statement lighting piece, such as floor lamps that mimic sculptures or artworks. LED lights are recommended for their longevity and balanced illumination, creating captivating vignettes. An example is a floor-to-ceiling light sculpture that traces a face profile, offering a soft glow from within. For those on a budget, neon art lights provide a similar aesthetic for accentuating desks or corners. Secondly, illuminating seating nooks with whimsical wall lamps can create a jewel-box effect. Artistic, hand-painted, or printed lampshades are suggested to add a soft, whimsical glow, particularly for reading corners or window seats. Bespoke sconces, such as those featuring gold dragonflies, can elevate a room by acting as focal points and providing mood lighting, a preferred alternative to overhead lighting. Thirdly, giving a modern edge to bedrooms involves unconventional lighting ideas that impart a unique personality. Designers suggest moving beyond traditional bedside lamps to fixtures that create a phased glow and moody interiors. Metal lights that complement natural hues and industrial themes can add textures and shadows to a wall. Fourth, illuminating dark rooms with skylight-mimicking lights, like artificial skylights, addresses the issue of dim city apartments, especially during overcast days. These adjustable, diffused lights, such as the Oculus, can be integrated into living rooms, bathrooms, or kitchens, providing soft illumination without glare and making spaces feel larger and less confined. Fifth, cove lighting adds layering to interiors through architectural, in-built wall lights. This method provides general illumination, reduces reliance on a single light source, and can highlight architectural features, contributing to a cozy ambiance in living rooms or bedrooms. Sixth, utilizing lights that double as art pieces transforms wall decor into multi-functional elements. Decorative wall-mounted lights can serve as sculptures or reinforce focal points, such as above a fireplace. The selection of such pieces should align with the room's style to ensure a harmonious design. Seventh, adding illuminated decor outdoors extends modern lighting concepts to balconies and backyards. Modern outdoor furniture with integrated illumination, like fluorescent tables, backlit onyx stools, or illuminated bubble chairs, can create a vibrant and eye-catching exterior space. Eighth, embracing backlit panels offers an innovative way to integrate light and wall art. Designs like Sisu, which function as a sculpture, mirror, light, and decoration, provide fluidity and elegance. These resin frames, created efficiently with minimal waste, can be combined to form playful compositions or installations. Ninth, using bold designs to center a room involves employing targeted, focused lighting fixtures that are both functional and aesthetic. Long wall lamps with adjustable arms, like the Flos 265, can provide flexible illumination to different areas of a room and can fold away to serve as wall sconces, enhancing the room's ambiance. Finally, highlighting the height of a room with long pendants accentuates architectural value, especially in double or triple-volume spaces. These cascading fixtures add character to the upper half of a room and draw the eye upwards, contributing to an elegant aesthetic in spaces like dining rooms. #ModernLighting #InteriorDesign #HomeDecor #LightingFixtures #ArchitecturalLighting #StatementLighting #OutdoorLighting #BedroomLighting #LivingRoomLighting

Maximizing natural light in a home is a key concern for interior designers, influencing the perception of space and contributing to well-being through increased productivity and improved mood. Several strategies can be employed to enhance sunlight within a living space. One effective method involves using light colors and reflective finishes for paint, textiles, and flooring. Lighter hues naturally make a room feel brighter and more expansive, while finishes like satin and semi-gloss paint help light bounce around. However, caution is advised with shinier paints, as they can accentuate wall imperfections, necessitating proper wall preparation. Another technique to eliminate shadowy areas is the strategic incorporation of glass and mirrors. These surfaces are highly effective at reflecting and multiplying natural light sources. Care should be taken to avoid placing large mirrors directly opposite windows, which can create unwanted glare. The layout of a room also significantly impacts light distribution. Designers suggest arranging furniture to prevent window obstruction and dark corners, recommending low-profile pieces and avoiding heavy, dark window treatments that can visually weigh down a space. For those undertaking construction or renovation, the orientation of new windows is crucial. East-facing windows provide bright morning light, while west-facing windows capture the warm glow of the golden hour. North-facing windows offer indirect light, which may not be as effective for maximizing brightness. When it comes to window dressings, hanging drapes high and wide is a widely recommended practice. This technique not only makes windows appear larger but also allows maximum light entry. For privacy without sacrificing light, layering blinds or sheers under drapes can offer both beauty and functionality. Integrating metallic accents into décor also aids in light reflection, preventing light from being absorbed by darker surfaces. Items such as chrome lamp bases, gilded light fixtures, and metal picture frames contribute to a brighter ambiance. In contrast to light-blocking drapes suitable for bedrooms, light-filtering drapery is preferred for communal areas where more sunlight is desired. Materials like bamboo or lace can diffuse harsh direct light while still allowing ample ambient light to brighten the room. Furthermore, softening a space with organic materials like linen, rattan, bamboo, white oak, or soft wool can enhance natural light. These pale, natural materials provide a grounding and inviting feel without making the room appear sterile, striking a balance between reflective surfaces and soft textures. Finally, a simple yet often overlooked practice is maintaining clean windows. Dust, water droplets, and grime accumulate on windows, significantly reducing the amount of light entering a room. Regular cleaning of interior windows and seasonal deep cleaning of exterior windows and screens are essential for optimal light transmission. #NaturalLight #InteriorDesign #HomeDecor #LightingTips #ReflectiveSurfaces #WindowTreatments #HomeImprovement #RoomLayout #ColorPalette

As autumn transitions into winter, the days become shorter and darker, making it essential to compensate for the diminishing natural light in homes. This article provides expert-backed strategies to maximize light using artificial fixtures, ensuring a warm, inviting, and well-lit living space even during the darkest months. The core idea is to replicate the cheerfulness of summer light by intelligently integrating artificial lighting. This involves careful selection of fixtures, strategic placement, appropriate color temperatures, balancing daytime and nighttime lighting, and leveraging reflective surfaces. The first trick involves selecting the right artificial lighting. Floor lamps and table lamps are crucial for filling dark corners and balancing natural light, thereby reducing shadows and making spaces feel more open. Using bulbs with a daylight tone (around 2700K) helps maintain a natural, bright atmosphere, especially in rooms with limited windows. Recessed lights, when equipped with warm white bulbs and dimmers, can mimic natural warmth and allow for intensity adjustments to match the soft glow of natural sunlight throughout the day. Overhead lights, particularly ceiling lights, are effective for distributing light evenly across a room, serving as a primary source while decorative lighting acts as an accent. The concept of artificial lightwells, which are overhead lightboxes with LED lighting, is also highlighted as a way to simulate skylights and maintain interior brightness throughout the day. The second trick focuses on choosing the correct color temperature for artificial lights. Experts strongly recommend using bulbs with a color temperature of 2700K, as anything cooler can create a stark and unnatural ambiance. The goal is to avoid over-illuminating a space, prioritizing functionality and a subtle glow. For more functional areas, daylight-mimicking LED downlights (ranging from 5000K to 6000K) can provide bright and balanced illumination. Additionally, 'dim to warm' bulbs are suggested for their ability to naturally transition to a warmer, candlelight-like glow when dimmed, enhancing coziness. Sun lamps or SAD lamps are also mentioned as a way to mimic the energizing effects of natural daylight in smaller, personal spaces. The third trick emphasizes the strategic positioning of light fixtures. Placing lights in the darkest corners helps balance the overall illumination in a room. Lamps should ideally be directed away from windows to cast light in the same direction as natural daylight, rather than competing with it. Multiple light sources are crucial for enhancing both the quality and quantity of light, ensuring that the indoor environment remains dynamic and well-lit as daylight fades. This layered approach prevents dark spots and contributes to a more sophisticated lighting scheme. The fourth trick concerns balancing artificial lighting between daytime and nighttime. The objective is to emulate the natural color temperature pattern of daylight, which is cooler during the day and transitions to a warm glow in the evening. During the day, it is advisable to use more artificial light to create a seamless transition from the brighter exterior to the interior. For evenings and nights, dimming architectural lighting and increasing accent lighting is recommended. A well-designed lighting layout with a good dimming system is essential to avoid dark areas while maintaining a desired mood. The final trick involves enhancing artificial lighting with reflective surfaces. Instead of relying solely on numerous fixtures, which can make a space feel clinical, utilizing mirrored walls or other reflective surfaces helps to disperse light and create a warm, soft glow. This technique can effectively brighten an entire room by 'borrowing' light from adjacent spaces, especially useful where there isn't room for additional lamps. The article concludes by recommending specific products, such as UV-Free Egg-Shape Light Therapy Lamps, contemporary LED floor lamps, and semi-flush ceiling lights, all designed to mimic natural daylight and contribute to a well-lit home environment. #ArtificialLighting #NaturalLightMaximization #HomeLightingScheme #ColorTemperature #LightingFixtures #InteriorDesign #AutumnalLighting #ReflectiveSurfaces #LayeredLighting

This article showcases six distinct properties across the United States that exemplify the integration of solar power and sustainable design into beautiful and functional homes. Each property offers unique architectural styles, locations, and amenities, while uniformly highlighting their commitment to renewable energy. The first home, located in Boulder, Colorado, is a six-bedroom residence known as Lion Point. It combines passive solar design with active solar panels, featuring floor-to-ceiling glass walls that open to multiple balconies. The interior boasts hickory floors, a chef's kitchen with Colorado marble, and smart-home technology, all set on a 15-acre canyon property that also includes a two-bedroom guesthouse. Next, in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, a three-bedroom house powered by 28 solar panels overlooks the Pacific Ocean from a half-acre landscaped lot. This open-concept home is characterized by cherry floors, ipe inlay work, bronze hardware, etched-glass kitchen cabinets, and a master bedroom with a private patio offering sunset views. A roofed porch further enhances its connection to the Hawaiian landscape. Denison, Texas, presents a 1984-built, 3,035-square-foot concrete-and-granite home. This three-bedroom residence is equipped with 80 solar panels, a geothermal system, and a reverse-osmosis water filtration system. Its architectural details include stone floors, crown moldings, wood trim and cabinetry, and a flagstone fireplace, situated on a 32-acre property featuring a patio, a small pond, and a detached office. In Ketchum, Idaho, a 2015-built three-bedroom home is highlighted for its rooftop solar panels. The interior features a chef's kitchen, a great room, multiple fireplaces, wine storage, and a full-floor upstairs master suite with a private deck. Oversize windows offer views of Bald Mountain, complementing a second large deck, and the property benefits from proximity to the Sun Valley Resort bus stop. West Orange, New Jersey, features a five-bedroom home originally built in 1954 and recently extensively renovated. This property near New York City includes radiant-heat floors, high ceilings with skylights, a European kitchen, two fireplaces, a master suite with a soaking tub, and a lower level with a family room and gym. The 2-acre property also boasts a large patio, a play area, a pool, and a hot tub. Finally, an off-the-grid home in Patagonia, Arizona, is situated on 46 acres of open range. This two-bedroom earth-sheltered house uses a photovoltaic system and a wind-and-solar-pumped well. Inspired by Paolo Soleri's designs, it incorporates freeform curves and colored glass. The naturally landscaped property includes a one-bedroom guesthouse and offers views of Red Mountain. #SolarHomes #SustainableLiving #GreenArchitecture #EcoFriendlyHomes #RenewableEnergy #ModernDesign #LuxuryHomes #OffGridLiving

Achieving successful lighting in a home involves balancing different types of illumination, ensuring every light serves a specific purpose, and offering flexibility to adapt to various moods and activities. Instead of scattering lights randomly, a thoughtful approach focuses on combining high, low, and side lighting, integrating floor and table lamps with wall and ceiling fixtures. This strategy allows for both practical, bright lighting for tasks like reading and working, and softer, dimmed lighting for dining and relaxation, significantly influencing a room's atmosphere. The planning of lighting, including wiring and circuit requirements, is a foundational step in any interior design project. Modern lighting solutions like uplights have evolved beyond their initial perception of being overly glitzy. They are now considered less intrusive than prominent feature fixtures and can be strategically used to accentuate architectural elements such as paneled doors, archways, or even to highlight beautiful windows from a sill. Conversely, an excessive use of downlights can make a space feel impersonal, resembling an airport lounge, and are often ineffective as much of their light is absorbed by the floor. A more effective use of downlights involves angling them to illuminate specific features, such as tall furniture or artwork. For entrance halls, the traditional approach involves selecting a lantern or pendant light scaled appropriately to the space. For example, a grand, double-height hallway necessitates an equally substantial pendant. This central fixture can be complemented by subtle floor uplights, feature lighting within wall niches, and potentially wall lights or picture lights to showcase artwork, all contributing to a calm and quiet ambiance with gentle glows. The sitting room, however, does not adhere to strict rules; its lighting should be tailored to its proportions and intended use. Table lamps are crucial for providing warm light and introducing varied heights, shapes, and sizes contribute to character, suggesting an evolved design. Pairs of table lamps on console tables or flanking a fireplace, along with floor lamps for reading, are effective choices. While ceiling lights are generally avoided in sitting rooms by some designers due to the discomfort of overhead light, wall lights are favored for adding another layer of balanced illumination at various levels. Kitchens, increasingly central to home life, require flexible and dimmable lighting on separate circuits. Uplighters positioned above cupboards create a warm evening glow, while under-cabinet lighting offers practical illumination for work surfaces. Pendants over an island, serving area, or table can serve as striking features. Incorporating one or two table lamps on a sideboard or table can introduce a softer effect. A personal favorite described is a rise-and-fall light with ceramic shades above a kitchen table, providing ample light when raised for tasks and a soft, intimate pool of light when lowered for a relaxed evening mood. The process of selecting shades for lamps is likened to trying on a hat; it’s about finding what looks right rather than adhering to a strict formula, often requiring experimentation with various shades to achieve the desired aesthetic and functionality. #HomeLighting #InteriorDesign #LightingTips #HomeDecor #ArchitecturalLighting #AmbientLighting #TaskLighting #MoodLighting

This article explores a collection of 10 homes that successfully integrate traditional architectural styles with modern interior design, showcasing a growing trend in home aesthetics where these historically distinct approaches are celebrated together. The examples provided demonstrate how various architects and designers have navigated the challenge of blending old and new, creating spaces that respect historical context while embracing contemporary living. The first example features an 1850s schoolhouse in Milford, Pennsylvania, transformed by Andrew Magnes and Koray Duman. Their design philosophy centered on mirroring the simplicity of the historic white clapboard exterior with a contemporary yet understated interior, preserving the building's historical integrity while introducing modern elements. Bookcases set back on the upstairs landing contribute to an open and spacious feel. Next, a writer's coach house in Birmingham, England, designed by Intervention Architecture, seamlessly blends with its Victorian surroundings through a brick facade and faux timber doors. Inside, the kitchen highlights modern finishes with a porcelain tile backsplash and quartz countertop. Troppo Architects' renovation of an 1880s bungalow in Adelaide, Australia, left the sandstone and brick Victorian exterior largely untouched while introducing a modern window seat in the northeast corner, strategically placed to capture natural light. In Lake Ontario, Canada, Drew Mandel Architects updated a traditional Edwardian home. Mandel's design included a blackened-steel framed fireplace echoing the new facade's window and door treatments, alongside a six-by-eight-foot ground-floor extension. Kirkwood McCarthy reimagined an old furniture workshop in London, England. The home's facade respects its conservation area setting with red bricks and sash windows, subtly hinting at the modern interior. The kitchen, located in a sunken basement, features walnut steps, white cabinetry, Silestone countertops, and integrated appliances. Tribe Studio's project in Sydney, Australia, involved a 1920s bungalow. While the decorative facade remained intact, a dramatic contemporary extension was added to the back. The architect, Hannah Tribe, describes this as "suburban uncanny," where modernism is clean, blunt, and yet familiar. The bathroom showcases custom wooden cabinetry and Brodware faucets. Cousins & Cousins Architects worked on a glass and brick house in The London Borough of Hackney. The modern addition, characterized by a glass wall, uses repurposed bricks from the original Victorian home's demolition. The dining area, featuring Eames fiberglass chairs, benefits from pale finishes and wood flooring, enhancing a sense of airiness. SHH Architects developed a sophisticated townhouse in London. Behind a traditional facade, the interior was rebuilt with a timber and steel frame and a rear extension. A notable feature is a five-story double-sided aluminum bookcase and a kitchen with a Bulthaup island. Blouin Tardif Architecture Environment renovated a historic duplex in Le Plateau Mont-Royal, Canada. The front of the home retained its original design, including the duplex's stairs, with everything restored respectfully. Inside, uniformity was achieved with a white-painted steel staircase and walnut steps matching the home's wood elements. Finally, +tong tong gave a Victorian home in Toronto, Canada, a modern makeover. A triangular bedroom window with a custom blind and a zinc awning over the front door define the exterior. The interior boasts a vent-free fireplace in the dining room from EcoSmart Fire. These projects collectively illustrate a harmonious coexistence of traditional exteriors and contemporary interiors, offering diverse approaches to achieving this design synergy. #HomeDesign #TraditionalArchitecture #ModernInteriors #ArchitecturalRenovation #HistoricHomes #ContemporaryDesign #InteriorDesign #HomeRenovation #DesignFusion

Sunrooms serve as versatile transitional spaces between a home's interior and its garden, offering a sanctuary that allows occupants to enjoy natural light and outdoor views while remaining protected from the elements. These spaces are gaining popularity, particularly in the US, for their ability to enhance relaxation and provide a comfortable area for various activities, from lounging to dining. Designing an effective sunroom requires careful consideration of natural light, furniture, and materials to ensure year-round usability. Unlike orangeries or conservatories, sunrooms typically feature a glazed extension with a solid roof, sometimes incorporating solid or half-walls, to balance light and insulation. Key design principles involve extending existing living spaces into the sunroom by maintaining cohesive design elements such as color palettes and motifs. Designer Kathy Kuo emphasizes the importance of selecting furniture that can function both indoors and outdoors, promoting flexibility and flow between areas. Comfortable and durable seating is crucial for a sunroom, with designers like Carley Summers advocating for stylish yet resilient upholstery. Natural fabrics and materials like rattan or wood are often recommended, complemented by botanical-inspired prints to visually link the interior with the surrounding landscape. Incorporating living plants and natural textures, such as a large statement tree and soft window treatments, further enhances the outdoor-in ambiance. Flooring choices can significantly impact the sunroom's character. Emily Henderson suggests bold patterns like checkerboard tiles to create a distinct yet harmonious feel, while area rugs are recommended by Channa Alvarez from Living Spaces for adding coziness and defining the space, particularly emphasizing durability and ease of cleaning. Managing temperature fluctuations is a primary challenge; window treatments like sheer curtains, shades, or heavier drapes help regulate heat and provide privacy. Designer Marie Flanigan highlights the use of light-filtering options to maintain brightness while offering necessary protection. For colder months, effective insulation and heating solutions are essential. Merry Albright of Border Oak advises opting for a solid roof to improve insulation and allow for more structural versatility. Underfloor heating with a thermostat and wood-burning stoves are popular choices for maintaining warmth. Adequate lighting is also critical for evening and winter use. Nick Boatright-Wiltshire of där lighting suggests investing in outdoor lighting to illuminate the garden, creating depth and preventing a sense of darkness, while interior lighting should be soft and ambient to minimize reflections. Color palettes can range from pared-back neutrals to bolder choices. White paint can reflect natural light, making the space brighter, as demonstrated in Leanne Ford's designs. Alternatively, a dark color palette, such as black, can effectively frame an urban view by making walls recede visually, enhancing the outdoor scenery, as noted by Betsy Brown. However, this approach benefits from lighter furnishings and ceiling colors to prevent the room from feeling too dim. Furniture arrangement should maximize views, with seating positioned to face windows. Even in smaller sunrooms, a cozy breakfast or reading nook can be created using built-in banquette seating and a central table. Adding a fireplace can significantly enhance the sunroom's warmth and comfort, transforming it into a year-round retreat. In terms of furniture selection, outdoor-grade pieces are practical for warmer climates and open windows, while performance fabrics for upholstery address concerns about sun fading and durability. White furnishings can also mitigate fading and brighten the room. Finally, a sunroom should be a clutter-free space dedicated to relaxation, with decor choices that bring in natural elements like plants and warm lighting from candles. #SunroomIdeas #InteriorDesign #HomeRenovation #NaturalLight #OutdoorLiving #FurniturePlacement #TemperatureControl #LightingDesign #ColorPalette

Effective home lighting is crucial for both functionality and aesthetics, yet it is frequently overlooked in the early stages of home design. Lauren Li from Sisällä Interior Design emphasizes that focusing on lighting in the initial planning phases can significantly impact a home's mood and atmosphere. This guide provides a room-by-room breakdown of lighting considerations, covering various styles, appropriate bulb types, and ideal placement to optimize each space. In the kitchen, flexibility is key, as the space serves multiple purposes, from cooking and cleaning to socializing and dining. A balanced approach combining task lighting and ambient lighting is recommended. Overhead lights should be strategically placed to illuminate work areas like the sink, stove, and benchtops. LED strips under overhead cupboards offer an even light with an ambient touch. Natural light can be enhanced with skylights, while decorative pendant lights over kitchen islands or breakfast bars add visual interest. When selecting bulbs, lumens, rather than watts, are the primary measure of light output. Kitchens typically require 5,000 to 10,000 lumens in total, and while cool light is often suggested for functional areas, warmer lights can highlight cabinetry and splashbacks. The placement and size of light fixtures are also important; larger pendants over kitchen benches should be positioned just above eye level, approximately 55cm to 75cm above the surface, while clusters of smaller bulbs can hang lower without obstructing sightlines. Bedroom lighting aims to create a cozy, calming, and restful environment, avoiding excessive brightness. Layering lighting is essential to meet various needs, such as task lighting for reading or applying makeup. Beyond standard downlights or ceiling lights, incorporating bedside lighting like table lamps, wall lamps, or pendants on either side of the bed is highly recommended. Wall sconces can introduce a luxurious hotel feel, and dimmable reading lights recessed into the ceiling, with individual controls, cater to different sleep schedules. Warmer, low-lumen globes (around 2,000 to 4,000 lumens in total) contribute to a relaxed atmosphere, and dimmable options allow for light adjustment throughout the day. The height and size of bedroom lights should align with the furniture, with pendant lights hung lower for a more intimate glow or higher and wider for broader coverage. Table lamps should be positioned so that the bottom of the lampshade is just above shoulder height when seated, ensuring optimal light for reading. Living and dining areas are multi-functional spaces used for entertaining, relaxing, working, and dining. Therefore, a mix of practical and aesthetic lighting is necessary. Overhead lights such as downlights, spotlights, or pendants form the base layer. Task lighting, including floor and table lamps, can be added for specific activities like reading, while wall lamps or directed downlights can accentuate furniture and artwork. In the dining room, a pendant light hung low over the table serves both a practical purpose and creates atmosphere, effectively defining the space within an open-plan layout. Energy-efficient LEDs are a popular choice, available in warm white, cool white, and daylight color temperatures; warm light is preferred for a cozy ambiance, and dimmers are recommended for overhead lights. Careful placement of downlights is crucial; instead of a standard grid pattern that primarily lights the floor, they should be arranged closer to walls with adjustable gimbals to illuminate walls and artworks. Pendants should be positioned low over dining tables or behind armchairs for intimacy, or higher in high-traffic areas. In larger rooms, oversized pendants can make a whimsical statement. Bathroom lighting requires good task lighting for grooming and identifying water spills, but also the option for dimmed lighting for relaxation. Adequate ventilation and heating lamps are also important considerations. A common and effective lighting scheme involves a central ceiling light paired with wall lights flanking the mirror. These wall lights offer ambient lighting for night-time use or makeup application. Lights within the shower recess, particularly for opaque screens, are beneficial, and heat lamp/exhaust fan combos provide both warmth and ventilation. Cool and bright white lights are generally recommended for bathrooms, and all light fixtures must have a moisture-proof IP rating, with guidance from a lighting supplier or electrician being essential. For mirrors, lights placed on either side at eye level help prevent shadows. The placement of lights near wet areas like baths, showers, and taps should always be advised by a qualified electrician. Smart lighting systems, such as those from WiZ and LIFX, offer advanced control through smartphones or voice-controlled home assistants. These systems allow for adjustments in color, intensity, and timing, enabling users to customize lighting schemes to suit different moods and needs, enhancing the overall home lighting experience. #HomeLighting #InteriorDesign #LightingTips #KitchenLighting #BedroomLighting #LivingRoomLighting #BathroomLighting #SmartLighting #RenovationAdvice

The article offers practical advice on enhancing a home's lighting without the need for professional electrical work, drawing insights from three design experts: Jenny Guggenheim, Alex Kalita, and Megan Pflug. It emphasizes that proper lighting significantly influences a room's mood and functionality, comparing a well-lit space to a restaurant's inviting ambiance versus its harsh, functional lighting at closing time. The first key tip is to unify light bulbs. Jenny Guggenheim recommends replacing all mismatched bulb types, especially old compact fluorescents, with a single type of LED bulb. She notes that older homes often have a variety of bulb types with different color temperatures, and this simple change can significantly elevate the overall lighting scheme. Next, the article guides readers on selecting the right LED bulbs. Designers suggest using LED bulbs with a warmth of 2,500K to 2,700K, as this range mimics natural daylight but with a slightly warmer tone. A crucial piece of advice is that quality matters: cheaper bulbs tend to cast lower-quality light, so it's advisable to purchase them from specialty lighting stores or hardware stores rather than big-box retailers. Alex Kalita highlights the importance of layered lighting. She proposes that the first layer should be practical, brighter overhead lighting for areas like kitchens and bathrooms where ample illumination is necessary. The second layer consists of table, floor, and accent lamps that contribute to the room's mood and atmosphere. Diffusing light is another critical element. Kalita explains that diffused light creates a softer, warmer, and more flattering ambiance. Diffusion can be achieved through opaque glass bulbs or fabric, glass, or paper shades. If a room primarily uses clear, bare bulbs and fixtures with opaque shades, swapping some of these for more inviting options can greatly improve the lighting. The article also addresses lighting trends, advising against blindly following them. While metal shades and bare bulbs are popular, they often don't produce the most flattering light and should be used sparingly, primarily for task lighting. A timeless and soft-light-casting alternative is a basic ceramic lamp with a simple white paper or fabric shade. Paper globe shades, particularly Noguchi Akari lights, are recommended for their soft light, with a caution to consider more durable or out-of-reach options for homes with children or pets. Scale is another consideration; Guggenheim points out that using a light source that is too small for a large space, like a tiny table lamp in a grand entryway, is a common mistake. She advises checking fixture dimensions carefully. Megan Pflug encourages placing lamps throughout the home, beyond just side tables, suggesting creative spots like shelves, open kitchen shelving, or even on top of the refrigerator. To enhance accent lighting, the article suggests dimming capabilities. When buying table lamps, opting for models with dimmer switches is ideal. For existing lamps without dimmers, plug-in dimmers, such as those from Lutron, offer an affordable solution. Kalita provides a creative hack for LED panel fixtures, recommending the use of theatrical colored plastic films, specifically ¼ or ½ CTO orange gels, to warm up cool-toned LED lights. For rental properties, upgrading "landlord special" fixtures involves removing unattractive glass fluted shades and replacing them with chrome-tip lightbulbs for diffusion and reflectivity, a technique also applicable to 1980s-style bathroom vanity lights. The article advocates for using luxe and specialty bulbs, such as low-wattage Edison-style LEDs to soften harsh overhead lights, and oversized opaque globe bulbs in exposed sockets of conventional fixtures. It also suggests using plug-in pendant lights in areas lacking overhead lighting, recommending models with attractive cords for a more polished look. Plug-in wall sconces are presented as a versatile option to add layered light to dining rooms or bedside tables, with brands like Schoolhouse Electric, Humanhome, and Rejuvenation offering aesthetically pleasing choices. Finally, Pflug emphasizes the transformative power of candles, suggesting tea lights in glass jars as an affordable way to create a warm and inviting atmosphere. For those willing to invest in professional help, the experts agree that putting all overhead lights on dimmers is a worthwhile expense. #HomeLighting #InteriorDesign #DIYHomeImprovement #LightingTips #LEDLighting #LayeredLighting #DiffusedLight #HomeDecor #SmartLighting

This article explores the use of skylights in residential interior design, highlighting ten projects that demonstrate their aesthetic and functional benefits. Skylights, defined as windows placed on a roof, are typically angled to allow natural light to penetrate interior spaces, serving as an alternative to traditional windows. Their application can provide privacy, introduce decorative lighting, or compensate for a lack of conventional window openings. The article presents a curated selection of residential projects, each showcasing a unique approach to incorporating skylights. The Oculi House in New York City, by O'Neill Rose Architects, exemplifies how elliptical skylights can transform dark brownstone interiors into airy, bright spaces, complemented by rectilinear glass doors. This project was a Dezeen Award shortlist in 2019 for house interior of the year. In Norway, Line Solgaard's Weekend House Fredrikstad features a pyramid-shaped skylight that brightens the entire holiday home, including an oak-lined dining room. The natural light creates dramatic shadows and contrasts with darker kitchen elements. Branch Studio Architects' Casa X in Australia's Phillip Island integrates clerestory windows and large skylights, with three 'pop-up' high-level windows designed to draw northern light deep into the house throughout the day. Fala Atelier converted a windowless garage in Lisbon into a vibrant living space by incorporating strategically placed skylights and painting the walls white, using pops of color like a teal-hued extractor fan to enhance the spacious interior. Yoshihara McKee's Photographer's Loft in Chelsea, New York, despite its ground-floor location, maximizes natural light through an angled skylight. The architects removed internal partitions to optimize the light's distribution, highlighting sculptural furniture in neutral tones. Tres Birds Workshop created an innovative operable skylight from dichroic glass in an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) in the Rocky Mountains. This multicolored glass casts dynamic, vibrant light patterns across the interior, changing with the sun's angle and season. In Santiago, Chile, Rodolfo Cañas's Mogro House, also known as Skylight House, features a prominent stainless steel volume topped with an oversized skylight. A floating metal staircase within this volume leads to the roof, while monochrome furniture mirrors the house's steel and exposed concrete palette. FujiwaraMuro Architects designed the House with a Light Void in Japan, achieving privacy through geometric skylights instead of traditional windows. These openings are positioned above five cement-clad volumes, contributing to the minimalist aesthetic. Casa Boavista, a Porto townhouse renovated by Pablo Pita Architects, incorporates skylights on multiple levels to enhance privacy on a busy street. An extension and new storey were added, with a trio of skylights illuminating the neutral interiors. Lastly, R2 Studio's renovation of a Victorian London home uses a skylight to accentuate a bright orange central staircase, adding warmth and vibrancy to the already colorful interiors. The article emphasizes that skylights are versatile architectural elements that can solve practical challenges like privacy and natural light distribution, while also serving as significant decorative features, demonstrating their capacity to profoundly influence the ambiance and functionality of residential spaces. #Skylights #ResidentialInteriors #ArchitecturalDesign #NaturalLight #HomeRenovation #InteriorLighting #ModernArchitecture #DesignInspiration #Lookbooks

Skylights offer a versatile solution for enhancing natural light and creating an illusion of space in homes, particularly in darker rooms or those requiring privacy. Architect Joe Snell of Studio Snell highlights their ability to transform a 'dark stuffy room' into a 'bright airy room that reaches for the heavens.' Despite the aesthetic and practical benefits, installation can be costly, and the addition of a skylight doesn't always guarantee an increase in property value. Therefore, careful consideration of various factors is essential before proceeding with installation. One crucial aspect to consider is the skylight's orientation. As Snell explains, unlike artificial lighting, sunlight cannot be controlled. The direction a skylight faces—whether northern, allowing direct sunlight, or southern, admitting indirect light—significantly impacts the light quality and heat gain within a room. Many skylights are designed to provide general, indirect light to avoid the harshness of direct sun, but sometimes direct illumination is precisely what a space requires. This directional choice directly influences the room's ambiance and thermal performance. Another key factor is the roof type and the distance between the roofline and the ceiling. For homes with conventional gabled roofs and flat ceilings, a plasterboard shaft is typically needed to connect the skylight to the interior space. Snell views this as an opportunity to maximize the sense of light; a small skylight can be combined with a wider shaft to create a dramatic visual effect, reducing cost while making a significant design statement. In contrast, a skillion or nearly flat roof places the skylight very close to the ceiling, resulting in a more direct light presence in the room. Skylights, traditionally used for attics and lofts, are now integrated throughout homes, including entry hallways, living rooms, and bathrooms. However, their necessity varies depending on the home's layout. Snell notes that skylights are particularly valuable in square-shaped floorplans, where they can bring natural light into the often-dark central areas. Conversely, narrow houses with windows on both sides may have less need for skylights, especially if the goal is to avoid harsh direct sunlight. Modern operable skylights, which can be opened for ventilation and feature blinds for sun control, offer practical advantages in Australian homes, contributing significantly to comfort and functionality. The article showcases 12 diverse examples of skylight integration across different home styles. In a 1900s semi-detached house, a strategically placed kitchen skylight compensates for limited natural light due to surrounding buildings. A renovated Federation cottage features a bathroom skylight that emphasizes the texture of wall tiles, while a Mediterranean-meets-coastal home uses a series of skylights in the master suite to ensure privacy without sacrificing light in the walk-in wardrobe. Other examples include a central skylight brightening a corridor in a waterfront home, a glass hallway floor beneath a skylight illuminating kitchen and dining areas in a heritage home, and enormous industrial skylights in a Victorian-era villa that flood an adjoining loggia with light. Modular skylights add visual interest and freshness to a Federation cottage hallway, and skylights punctuate a concrete waffle ceiling in a contemporary kitchen. Further instances include a walk-in wardrobe amply lit by a skylight, a pared-back kitchen with a concealed pantry and study nook illuminated by a modular skylight, and a modernist house where a skylight enhances textured materials. Finally, glass skylights bring abundant light into an open-plan kitchen and living area designed by Georgia Hobart. These examples demonstrate the diverse applications and aesthetic impact of skylights in various residential settings. #SkylightDesigns #NaturalLight #HomeRenovation #ArchitecturalLighting #InteriorDesign #HomeImprovement #Renovating #RoofDesign

Effective lighting is crucial for both functionality and ambiance in every room of a home, as each space has distinct requirements. The kitchen, for instance, benefits from good general lighting, typically achieved with downlights, which can be strategically positioned over benchtops to minimize shadows during tasks. For enhanced illumination, thin LED strip lights installed under cabinets offer a crisp, clean light that remains largely invisible. Additionally, designer pendant lights over a breakfast bar or island can blend style with practical lighting needs. Living areas, due to their varied uses, demand a more versatile lighting approach. Downlights provide overall room illumination and can be fitted with dimmer switches to adjust the intensity for different moods, from bright for general activities to intimate for relaxation. Floor and table lamps serve as excellent task lighting for reading and contribute soft ambient light, ideal for watching television. A prominent pendant light above a dining table can act as a focal point, creating a welcoming pool of light for meal times. In bedrooms, a pendant light is recommended for general room lighting, capable of adding character and controlled via a dimmer switch to set the desired mood. Bedside lamps are essential for reading, while a dedicated desk lamp is necessary for study or home office areas. Customizing light switches, such as with VIVO's range, can further integrate the lighting fixtures with the room's decor. Bathrooms require bright and clear lighting, often achieved with a central oyster or batten fitting for smaller spaces, though downlights are generally a superior option. Critical task lighting is needed around the mirror and vanity to prevent shadows during personal grooming activities like applying makeup or shaving. This can be provided by a downlight positioned over the vanity or a wall-mounted light above the mirror, ensuring adequate and shadow-free illumination for these essential areas. #HomeLighting #InteriorDesign #KitchenLighting #LivingRoomLighting #BedroomLighting #BathroomLighting #DIYHome #LightingOptions

LED lighting has gained popularity in home design due to its versatility and energy efficiency. While LED technology itself encompasses various forms, LED strips are particularly favored by architects and designers for accent lighting, offering a modern and sophisticated aesthetic. Traditional bulbs have limitations in form, whereas LED lighting provides greater flexibility for creative lighting designs. Many architectural LED lighting concepts can be replicated as DIY projects using affordable mains or battery-powered LED strips, offering a cost-effective way to update a home's appearance. LED lamps are noted for being significantly more energy-efficient than incandescent and most fluorescent lamps, contributing to reduced energy bills. LED strip lighting can be incorporated into various areas of the home, including living rooms, bathrooms, and kitchens. These strips are often used for concealed lighting, creating an ambient glow without visible fixtures, which can enhance the atmosphere of a room. Emily Aiken of Whipple Russell Architects suggests using LED strips in soffit coves for an even ceiling glow, especially when paired with wood ceilings to add warmth. Other applications include toe kick lighting under cabinets in kitchens and bathrooms, as well as illumination for islands, closet cabinets, bars, and wine rooms. Several specific LED lighting ideas can transform different spaces within a home. One effective application is backlighting mirrors, particularly in bathrooms, to create a soft, halo-like effect. This design, exemplified by Blackhaus Architects, provides both practical illumination for daily routines and an aesthetic element. Backlit mirrors are widely available or can be custom-made with LED strips and existing mirrors, with optional motion detectors for automatic illumination. Embedding LED strips along the borders of a room, where the floor meets the wall, can illuminate the flooring and define the room's footprint. This can be achieved using solid aluminum profiles and flexible LED strips, with diffusers to ensure even light distribution. This method creates a contemporary look and highlights wall paint. In bedrooms, LED lighting can be used to create an illuminated headboard, providing a soft, ambient glow suitable for relaxation and reading. U31, a design firm, utilizes LED cove lighting to highlight artwork above the headboard, offering both aesthetic appeal and practical ambient light. LED lighting can also be integrated into pantries and bar areas to create focal points. A kitchen renovation by Rose Sorkheh features LED accents in a bar cabinet, which contrasts with dark timber veneer and creates an evening ambiance without relying on overhead lighting. Another elegant application is cornice lighting, where LED strips are tucked into crown molding to provide accent lighting that washes the ceiling with light, highlighting architectural details. This approach is particularly effective in period properties, offering a modern touch while respecting historical elements. Staircases can be enhanced with LED lighting, either by cascading strips along the entire length or by placing strips under individual steps. This not only adds a sleek aesthetic but also improves safety by illuminating the path in the dark. Elliot Barratt of Elliot James Interiors notes that warm LED lighting under each step creates visual impact in contemporary interiors and can also highlight stonework on external staircases. Finally, LED lighting can be used in kitchen ceilings to provide functional illumination while keeping the overall design simple, allowing other features, such as a large olive tree, to become focal points. Sofia Bune Strandh of Sola Kitchens emphasizes the importance of layered lighting concepts with separate controls and dimmers for maximum flexibility in busy kitchen spaces, often opting for cooler white tones in ultra-modern designs. When choosing LED colors, it is advisable to stick to creams, whites, and warm, soft yellows to avoid a garish or cheap appearance. Bright colors like red, green, or electric blue are generally not conducive to relaxation. The ideal light color can depend on the activity; yellow light is often preferred for studying, while white, cool light is suitable for kitchens. For subtle color accents, one can rely on wall colors to reflect a desired hue when lit with white LED light. #LEDLighting #HomeDesign #InteriorLighting #AccentLighting #EnergyEfficiency #DIYHomeImprovement #ModernLighting #ArchitecturalLighting #HomeDecor

As the colder, darker months approach, effective home lighting becomes crucial not only for practical tasks but also for enhancing mood and ambiance. This article compiles expert advice on how to optimize lighting in your home, moving beyond basic illumination to create a more inviting and functional living space. Richard Parr, founder of Richard Parr Associates, emphasizes the importance of separating task lighting from atmospheric lighting. While task lighting is essential for activities like cooking, reading, and personal grooming, atmospheric lighting offers an opportunity for creativity and enjoyment, adding a vital dimension to interiors and architecture. He suggests considering how lighting can enhance appreciation for art, furniture, and plants, ultimately aiming to improve well-being. Martin Waller of Andrew Martin advises using lighting to make a statement, suggesting dramatic pendant lights as a primary source, complemented by statement table lamps to build atmosphere. Wall lights can serve as accent lighting to highlight specific features. He also notes that strategic lighting can create distinct zones within a room, with pendant lights over dining areas and task lamps for cozy reading corners. Naomi Astley Clarke, an interior designer, warns against overhead spotlights and cool-white bulbs, which can make a space feel clinical. Instead, she recommends soft, warm wall lighting for areas like entryways and living rooms, along with picture lights for bookshelves and wall art to achieve a high-end finish. For darker rooms, she suggests gilded or pearlescent wallpaper on ceilings to subtly brighten the space. Niki Wright, co-founder of Lights & Lamps, highlights that lighting should adapt throughout the day. Even during dull daylight hours, artificial lighting can brighten a room and lift spirits. As evening approaches, she suggests incorporating lamps on side tables, worktops, or floor lamps to illuminate corners, and then dimming or switching off ceiling lights in favor of layered table lamps at different heights to create a cozy, cave-like atmosphere. Margit Argus of Studio Argus recommends using warm or soft white bulbs with lower color temperatures to mimic candlelight, and favoring concealed, minimalist, and long-lasting LED solutions for energy efficiency. She also emphasizes the strategic placement of mirrors to reflect both natural and artificial light, thereby enhancing perceived brightness and spaciousness. Matthew Williamson, an interior designer, compares choosing lamps to selecting accessories for an outfit, advising against a single main light source. He suggests illuminating several lamps around a room for a more flexible, interesting, and flattering lighting scheme. For instance, a swan-neck wall light might suit a reading corner, while two table lamps could flank a piece of art on a credenza. Martin Millard, director at Cheffins auction house, points out that auctions can be excellent sources for unusual and unique lamps and lighting, offering a sustainable and often more affordable alternative to new purchases. He advises checking condition reports and having electrical items inspected by a qualified electrician. Andrew Molyneux, co-founder of TM Lighting, suggests creating intentional “pockets of light” with picture lights, spotlights, and lamps during autumn and winter to foster a warm and cozy feeling. This layering of light draws the eye to cherished objects and artworks, an effect not achievable with a single pendant. He also advocates for energy-efficient LED lighting. Shelley Simpson, founder of Mud Australia, expresses a preference for pendants and lamps over spotlights, especially in homes with ornate ceilings that she believes should not be obscured by wiring. She uses multiple lamps as statement pieces, incorporating color and style that transcend seasonal trends. Clemence Pirajean, co-founder of Pirajean Lees, advises a comprehensive approach to atmospheric lighting during darker months, including lampshades made from textured sheer materials and warm wall finishes like neutral pale colors with earthy undertones. She stresses tailoring lighting to the specific function of each space, such as soft, low-level lighting with task lighting for a reading nook. Finally, Louise Wicksteed, creative director of Sims Hilditch, distinguishes between architectural and decorative lighting, emphasizing the importance of layering both. For older properties with limited wiring, she suggests cordless, rechargeable LED lamps or wall lights for flexibility. Massimiliano Tosetto, managing director of Lodes, highlights the value of investing in attractive, accessible, durable, and technological cordless, dimmable lamps that serve multipurpose spaces and various tasks, uplifting any environment. #HomeLighting #InteriorDesign #AtmosphericLighting #WinterDecor #LightingTips #HomeDecor #LEDLighting #SustainableDesign #ArchitecturalLighting