Building with Rammed Earth at the Center of Cuba

Rammed earth construction, an ancient technique originating independently in China and the Iberian Peninsula several thousand years ago, is gaining recognition for its numerous green building benefits. This method, utilized in structures like the Hakka Tulou in China and the Alhambra Palace in Spain, offers low embodied energy, recyclability, high thermal mass, low energy loads, and non-toxicity. Terrell Wong, principal of Stone’s Throw Design Inc. in Ontario, Canada, advocates for rammed earth, highlighting its durability and longevity, asserting that a rammed earth house can last 500 years or more without needing paint. Rammed earth walls are constructed in approximately 11.5 ft. panels with flexible joints. The material mix typically includes 20% to 30% clay, sand, and 5% to 10% cement for added strength, with silicate-based waterproofing sometimes incorporated for cold, wet climates. The process involves layering a foot of material into formwork, which is then compressed to 6 inches using a pneumatic tamper. The forms, usually made from Marine-grade plywood and 2x12 walers, are about 20 inches wide and 4 feet tall. For multi-panel walls, a recess on the first panel locks with the second. Conduits for plumbing and electrical wiring are integrated during construction, requiring precise planning as changes are impossible once the wall is set. Walls typically dry within 24 hours and possess a load-bearing capacity comparable to concrete. Despite its ancient origins and proven effectiveness, rammed earth construction remains a niche method in North America. Terrell Wong designs three to four rammed earth houses annually, noting only a handful of builders in Ontario specialize in this technique. Sylvia Cook of Aerecura Rammed Earth Builders emphasizes that the method's thermal mass benefits apply universally, delaying heat gain in hot climates and shifting heat loss in cold climates to periods when solar gain can compensate, thus maintaining consistent indoor temperatures. The limited adoption is primarily attributed to a lack of public and professional knowledge about the system’s versatility across different climates. The distinctive earthy-toned striations characteristic of rammed earth walls are achieved by adding pigment to the cement mix. The ramming process pushes the colors to the formwork edges, creating a natural gradation. Exaggerating the undulations in the formwork can enhance these visual effects. While modern rammed earth construction has advanced, North America lacks specific building codes for it, unlike Australia and New Zealand where codes are formalized, and research even suggests superior seismic resistance compared to brick or block walls. In Canada, builders obtain approval by demonstrating that rammed earth meets existing code requirements, similar to concrete. In colder regions like Ontario, fiberglass rebar is used for structural stability, and recycled polyiso insulation is often integrated into the walls to minimize thermal bridging. The cost of rammed earth projects is influenced by design complexity, with curved or angled walls being more expensive due to the labor-intensive nature of the method. However, by simplifying design and formwork, Terrell Wong successfully applied the technique to an affordable housing project meeting Passive House standards. Many rammed earth homes are hybrids, incorporating elements like stick- or timber-frame walls for interior partitions or upper floors, sometimes combined with straw-bale construction or CLT-panel roofs. The featured single-family home, situated in a rural Ontario subdivision, exemplifies the integration of rammed earth with Passive House strategies. The design maximizes thermal mass, harvests southern light, and utilizes cross breezes to enhance passive ventilation, eliminating the need for mechanical cooling. The home's heating demand is approximately 20 kWh/m2 annually. The exterior walls consist of 530 tons of thermal mass, comprising two 6-inch rammed earth wythes around 6 inches of insulation. The construction’s embodied energy is exceptionally low, as 90% of the unprocessed material was sourced from a nearby gravel pit, and salvaged wood from a local roundhouse was repurposed for the main stair. #RammedEarthConstruction #SustainableBuilding #GreenBuilding #ThermalMass #PassiveHouse #BuildingMaterials #EcoFriendlyHomes #ArchitecturalDesign #CanadianArchitecture

The Rammed Earth House, a finalist for the Terra Award 2016, represents a sustainable architectural endeavor in Ayerbe, Spain, designed by Edra Arquitectura km0. The project aims to rekindle community interest in sustainable building practices that are deeply integrated with the local environment, drawing inspiration from traditional Aragonese earthen structures. Its design incorporates vernacular architecture principles concerning orientation, morphology, and the use of locally sourced materials. Technical advancements were integrated into the traditional rammed earth construction method. For instance, straw was added to the earth mixture to enhance its thermal performance. The architects prioritized low-tech, low-energy, and low-impact materials and building systems. Approximately 80% of the building's mass, including earth, stone, and straw, is derived from local sources. A life cycle analysis conducted from 'cradle to gate' indicated a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to conventional construction. This approach underscores a commitment to environmental responsibility throughout the construction process. The upper floors of the house feature 45cm thick earthen walls, with timber decks supporting the living spaces. The interior and exterior lime plaster utilized the local "calicostrado" technique. A standardized wooden formwork system was employed, which was continuously mounted and filled, streamlining the construction process. Mechanization was introduced to improve both execution efficiency and economic viability. Interior partitions are finished with local clay plasters, and the floors comprise unidirectional swan timber with pine wooden planks for beam fillings. Thermal insulation is a key feature of the house. The roof is insulated with 20cm of sheep's wool to mitigate heat loss in winter and prevent overheating in summer. Inner wooden floors are insulated with natural cork boards. South-facing windows are equipped with heavy interior curtains and exterior wooden roller shutters to manage solar gain and provide shade. For water management, a cistern buried in the patio collects and reuses rainwater. Heating and domestic hot water are provided by a biomass boiler. This modern earth house exemplifies how efficient vernacular architecture principles can be combined with contemporary techniques to foster a reconnection between humans and nature, contributing to a more sustainable architectural future. #RammedEarth #SustainableArchitecture #VernacularDesign #TerraAward #EcoFriendlyBuilding #LocalMaterials #ThermalInsulation #BiomassHeating

Rammed-earth construction, a technique thousands of years old with origins in China and the Iberian Peninsula, offers numerous benefits for contemporary home building. Examples such as the original rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall and the Alhambra palace in Spain demonstrate its historical durability. This method is favored by Terrell Wong, principal of Stone’s Throw Design, due to its low embodied energy, recyclability, high thermal mass, low energy loads, and non-toxicity. Wong highlights its longevity, stating that a rammed-earth house can last 500 years or more, requiring no painting. These walls function as the structure, insulation, finish, and thermal mass of a building. The construction process involves creating panels approximately 11.5 feet long from a mixture of 20% to 30% clay and sand, with 5% to 10% cement. In colder, wetter climates, a silicate-based waterproofing agent is often incorporated. Walls are built in layers, or lifts, where one foot of material is placed into formwork and compressed to six inches using a pneumatic tamper. The forms, typically made of HDO plywood and lumber, are about 20 inches wide and 4 feet tall. When constructing walls longer than a single panel, a recess on one end of the first panel allows the subsequent panel to interlock, ensuring structural integrity. Conduit for plumbing and electrical wiring must be planned precisely, as these cannot be altered once the wall is erected. Rammed-earth walls are typically dry and load-bearing within 24 hours, exhibiting compressive strength comparable to concrete, usually between 1600 psi and 1800 psi for 2-foot-thick walls. Rammed earth is particularly effective as a thermal mass, absorbing and storing solar radiation during the day and re-radiating it at night. This property helps maintain consistent indoor temperatures and humidity levels, reducing reliance on mechanical heating and cooling systems. Many modern rammed-earth homes are hybrids, combining rammed earth with other construction methods like stick or timber-frame walls, or even straw-bale construction for upper floors. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels can also be used for roofs. Wong frequently integrates rammed earth for interior partition walls as well. A case study highlights a single-family home designed by Wong in a rural, woodland setting. This home incorporates Passive House strategies, maximizing the thermal mass of rammed earth, harnessing southern light, and utilizing cross breezes for passive ventilation. The effective natural cooling eliminates the need for mechanical air conditioning, and the house consumes only about 20 kW of heat annually. The exterior walls, composed of 530 tons of material with two 6-inch wythes of rammed earth sandwiching 6 inches of insulation, benefit from locally sourced materials, resulting in exceptionally low embodied energy. Recycled wooden formwork was also repurposed for interior use. Beyond energy efficiency, rammed-earth walls offer soundproofing qualities due to their thickness. The absence of organic matter in the material prevents mold growth, contributing to superior indoor air quality. Sylvia Cook, principal of Aerecura Rammed Earth Builders, emphasizes that the thermal mass benefits are equally significant in both hot and cold climates, stabilizing internal temperatures. The technique remains a fringe method in many regions, including Canada, primarily due to a lack of awareness and specific building codes in North America. While other countries like Australia and New Zealand have formalized codes, in Canada, practitioners demonstrate compliance by showing rammed earth's similarity to concrete or concrete block, often incorporating rebar in colder, wetter climates and recycled polyiso insulation to minimize thermal bridging. The aesthetic appeal of rammed-earth walls is characterized by earth-toned striations, created by adding pigment to the cement and allowing the ramming process to push colors to the visible outermost layer. The amount of material in each layer can be varied to enhance these natural color patterns. While complex designs with curved or angled walls can increase costs due to the labor-intensive nature of the method, Wong has successfully applied rammed earth to affordable housing projects by simplifying the design and formwork. Test cylinders filled with rammed earth are used to measure psi before and during construction to ensure engineering code compliance. #RammedEarthConstruction #SustainableBuilding #GreenBuilding #ThermalMass #EnergyEfficiency #DurableHomes #EcoFriendlyMaterials #ArchitecturalDesign #PassiveHouse

The Desert Wash home, designed by architect Brent Kendle of Kendle Design Collaborative, integrates with the Arizona desert landscape through its site-specific design and material choices. This 6,700-square-foot residence in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was created for a family of four and is named after the existing desert dry wash on the property, a drainage area susceptible to severe flooding. To address this natural challenge and embrace the environment, the home features an elevated glazed bridge that spans the dry wash, transforming a potential obstacle into a defining architectural element. The residence is thoughtfully designed to immerse its occupants in the natural surroundings while offering modern comforts and ample space for entertaining. The layout positions the majority of the home, including the master suite and three guest bedrooms, to the north of the dry wash. The foyer, an office, and one guest bedroom are situated to the south, connected by the aforementioned glazed bridge. This separation and connection allow for varied experiences within the home, highlighting the desert views from multiple vantage points. The material palette and neutral color scheme are deliberately chosen to harmonize the expansive structure with the desert environment. Rammed earth walls are a prominent feature, extending from the exterior into the interior, visually and texturally linking the dwelling to the earth. These walls, combined with extensive glazing, flat steel, and wood roofs with deep overhangs, define the architectural character. The use of predominantly white interior walls creates a bright and airy ambiance, serving as a neutral backdrop for the family’s art collection. Kendle Design Collaborative emphasizes that the Desert Wash home utilizes indigenous materials to delineate its main living spaces. The rammed earth walls literally bring the earth into the interior, providing a sense of rootedness and unity with nature. The design reflects a profound sensitivity to the site, respecting its natural topography and characteristics by nestling the home into the earth and spanning over the ancient wash. This approach ensures that the residence not only coexists with but celebrates the unique qualities of the Arizona desert. #DesertArchitecture #RammedEarth #SustainableDesign #ArizonaHomes #KendleDesignCollaborative #SiteSpecificDesign #ModernHome #IndoorOutdoorLiving

The Achioté project by Formafatal introduces the first rammed earth structures in Costa Rica, presenting a pair of minimalist villas available for rent in Playa Hermosa. These villas, named Jaspis and Nefrit, appear to float above a cliff overlooking the Pacific Ocean, harmoniously integrated into a dense jungle environment. Dagmar Štěpánová of Formafatal led the design and construction, prioritizing sustainability and minimal environmental impact throughout the process. The conceptualization of the villas drew from the distinct energies of their respective locations. The Jaspis Villa, symbolizing jasper and bright aspects, embodies a yin energy, connecting with the sky and ocean, and features a light, sandy color palette. In contrast, the Nefrit Villa, representing jade and darker tones, aligns with a yang energy, establishing a connection to the earth and the surrounding jungle, characterized by a deep red-terracotta hue. Both villas boast cantilevered roofs that extend outward, mirroring the floor plans, to provide essential protection from the sun and various weather elements inherent to the tropical climate. A significant aspect of the villas' construction involved utilizing the very clay soil excavated from the site to create the rammed earth walls. This sustainable approach minimized the need for imported construction materials, contributing to the project's ecological footprint. Once the structures were complete, new tropical plants were integrated into the landscape, further enhancing the natural surroundings. The layered texture of the rammed earth walls is a prominent design feature, visually narrating the construction process. Each villa spans 90 square meters (approximately 969 square feet) and shares an identical size, layout, and orientation. Despite these similarities, their material choices and color schemes are distinct, reflecting their individual energetic inspirations. The central feature of each villa's interior is the bed, which can be enclosed by sliding curtains for privacy and mosquito protection, while frameless glass walls offer uninterrupted views of the natural landscape. An additional bed is available on the terrace for outdoor relaxation. Adjacent to each villa are built-in pools, designed to create an immersive jungle swimming experience. To execute the complex rammed earth construction, Formafatal collaborated with Brazilian specialist Daniel Mantovani of Terra Compacta, who provided training to local craftsmen. The interior spaces behind the beds house the kitchens and bathrooms, designed without doors to maintain an open and fluid connection within the living areas. Custom-made concrete elements, including bathroom sinks, shelves, kitchen counters, and bedside tables, are integral to the design, reflecting a cohesive material palette. The Nefrit Villa distinguishes itself with a darker, more introspective color scheme compared to its counterpart, despite their structural similarities. #AchioteProject #Formafatal #RammedEarth #CostaRicaArchitecture #SustainableDesign #TropicalVillas #EcoFriendlyHomes #JaspisVilla #NefritVilla

ROOM+ Design & Build has developed Cloud House, a co-living structure in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, addressing the increasing cost of urban housing. Situated on a 70-square-meter plot within a narrow 4-meter-wide alley, the building is surrounded by townhouses of varying heights and scales. This project aims to provide affordable yet high-quality living spaces for single individuals and couples with average incomes. The design of Cloud House is predicated on three main principles: creating loft-style private suites, incorporating multifunctional communal areas, and seamlessly integrating natural elements into the built environment. The structure offers six loft-style suites and two standard studios. Each loft unit is designed with a raised platform above the entry and bathroom areas, maximizing the usable space within the 3.5-meter floor-to-ceiling height. The interior aesthetic utilizes neutral materials and a subdued color palette, complemented by multifunctional furniture that is integrated with structural components. This includes wooden staircases and lightweight mezzanines constructed from steel frames and cement boards, enhancing both functionality and spatial efficiency. Communal spaces are strategically arranged to foster interaction and maximize utility. The ground floor and a central courtyard are allocated for bicycle and motorbike parking, an essential feature in the urban context of Ho Chi Minh City. A central spiral staircase serves as the primary circulation path, designed not only for movement but also to encourage informal social interactions among residents. Additional shared amenities include a seating area on the mezzanine level and a rooftop terrace, offering residents opportunities for relaxation and community engagement. Environmental performance is a key consideration in Cloud House's design. The facades and roof feature various circular and cloud-shaped openings, which facilitate natural ventilation and optimize daylight penetration. These openings also provide a degree of passive privacy control. The architectural approach creates a dynamic interplay between solid surfaces and voids, resulting in shifting patterns of light and shadow throughout the day. This contrast introduces visual and atmospheric variety, offering a refreshing departure from the dense urban fabric of the surrounding area. The distinctive fenestration and the overall geometry of Cloud House collectively aim to redefine small-scale urban housing, balancing affordability, functionality, and aesthetic appeal while promoting a sense of community and connection to the natural environment. #CloudHouse #CoLiving #HoChiMinhCity #UrbanArchitecture #VietnameseArchitecture #LoftDesign #SustainableDesign #SpatialEfficiency #ModernHousing

The ‘Santerra House,’ designed and constructed by Parma Arquitectura, is located in El Porvenir, in the heart of Valle de Guadalupe, Mexico. This residence showcases an innovative blend of rammed earth, burnt wood, and concrete, chosen specifically to respond to the region's arid climate. The project emphasizes sustainability, particularly through its use of earth as a primary building material. Rammed earth was selected for its low water consumption during construction, especially significant given the local dry conditions. A substantial portion of the earth used was sourced directly from the site through excavation, further reducing environmental impact. Beyond its minimal water requirements, rammed earth offers benefits such as humidity regulation and high thermal inertia. To capitalize on these properties, Parma Arquitectura implemented 40 cm thick rammed earth walls in all west-facing rooms, strategically placed to mitigate the high sun exposure experienced in the afternoons. The resulting texture and color variations of these walls organically integrate the house with its surrounding arid landscape, creating a harmonious aesthetic. Complementing the rammed earth, sections of the ‘Santerra House’ facades are clad in burnt wood, a technique known as ‘shou sugi ban.’ This traditional Japanese method enhances the wood’s durability and resistance while producing a rich spectrum of black tones that shift with the sunlight and viewing angle. This material choice not only contributes to the house’s resilience but also adds a distinctive visual character. The interior design of the dwelling is characterized by its minimalist approach, with a focus on functionality and connection to the outdoors. A key feature is the outdoor terrace, which acts as a natural extension of the living room, designed for social gatherings, meals, and family activities. This south-facing terrace is strategically enveloped by the building, providing shelter from strong winds. A wooden pergola covers the terrace, allowing sunlight to penetrate during the cooler winter months while offering ample shade in the hot summer, optimizing comfort throughout the year. Primarily conceived as a weekend retreat, the ‘Santerra House’ incorporates practical security features for when it is unoccupied. These include robust shutters and a wrought iron gate, ensuring the property remains secure. The architectural choices reflect a deep understanding of the local climate and an commitment to sustainable building practices, resulting in a residence that is both functional and aesthetically integrated with its environment. #SanterraHouse #RammedEarth #BurntWood #SustainableArchitecture #MexicanArchitecture #ValleDeGuadalupe #ParmaArquitectura #ThermalRegulation #ShouSugiBan

The Desert Wash home, a 6,700-square-foot modern residence in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was designed by architect Brent Kendle of Kendle Design Collaborative for clients Keith and Becky. The initial challenge for the design was a desert wash that bisected the building site, which the owners initially viewed as a hindrance. However, Kendle embraced this natural feature, transforming it into a central element of the home’s design and ethos. The architect's vision was to create a contemporary residence with minimal site impact, integrating the structure harmoniously into its desert surroundings. The home's design is divided into three distinct parts. The southern section houses the entrance, a guest suite, and an office. This compact volume is connected to the main body of the house, situated to the north, by an enclosed bridge. This bridge is elevated above the desert wash, allowing periodic floodwaters and local wildlife to pass underneath undisturbed. This innovative structural solution not only preserves the natural flow of the wash but also provides unique views and experiences from within the home, making the natural landscape an intrinsic part of daily life. To ensure the house blended seamlessly with its environment, Brent Kendle utilized a material palette and design elements that echoed the desert landscape. Rammed earth walls, constructed from soil excavated directly from the site, are a prominent feature, providing a direct physical connection to the land. This choice of material contributes to the home's eco-friendly credentials and offers natural insulation properties. A neutral color palette further enhances the integration, making the structure feel as if it has emerged organically from the desert. Expansive glazing, including Fleetwood sliding pocket-doors, is used throughout the residence to blur the boundaries between indoor and outdoor living. This allows for continuous visual and physical access to the surrounding desert, fostering a deep connection with nature. Outdoor living rooms are strategically integrated into the design, extending the habitable space and providing shaded areas for relaxation and enjoyment of the natural surroundings. Douglas Fir soffits and integral color-synthetic stucco for exterior walls complement the rammed earth, creating a cohesive and visually appealing facade. From various points within the home, such as the open great room and the master suite, sweeping views of the desert wash and the broader landscape are framed. The master bedroom features a corner window specifically designed to capture these views, while a freestanding soaking tub in the master bath is strategically placed beneath another shaded corner window. The interior also features Verano-brushed 12x24 limestone flooring in the great room, which benefits from ample natural light. The kitchen boasts a three-inch Calcutta Prima slab on the range wall and backsplash, adding a touch of elegance to the natural material scheme. Keith, one of the homeowners, noted that the wash, rather than being an obstacle, has become a "freeway" for local wildlife and an endless source of entertainment and educational opportunities for their two young children. The design emphasizes site-sensitivity, respecting the natural topography by nestling into the earth while spanning over the ancient wash, thereby minimizing disruption and maximizing the symbiotic relationship between the built environment and the natural desert ecosystem. #EcoFriendlyHome #RammedEarthWalls #DesertArchitecture #SustainableDesign #ModernResidence #SiteSensitiveDesign #IndoorOutdoorLiving #ArizonaHomes #KendleDesignCollaborative

Formafatal, a design studio based in the Czech Republic and Costa Rica, has designed and constructed two identical villas named Achioté on a steep jungled hillside in Playa Hermosa, Costa Rica. These 95-square-meter villas are located 300 meters above sea level and offer expansive views of the Pacific Ocean through frameless glass walls. The project represents the first known implementation of rammed earth construction in Costa Rica. Dagmar Štěpánová, founder of Formafatal, spearheaded the project, serving as the architect, project manager, construction manager, and a co-investor. Her vision was to create sustainable homes with biophilic interiors, where the sharp lines of the architecture would contrast with the lush tropical vegetation, yet the chosen materials and colors would blend seamlessly with the natural surroundings. Each villa's rectangular plan incorporates only three solid exterior walls, meticulously built using rammed clay excavated directly from the construction site. Due to Costa Rica's lack of experience with this specific building technique, Brazilian specialist Terra Compacta was brought in to ensure the quality and integrity of the rammed earth construction. These load-bearing rammed earth walls, combined with structural H-columns, support a monolithic concrete ceiling slab, which is further defined by raw steel channels along the exterior roofline. The remaining sections of the villas are enclosed by floor-to-ceiling, frameless glass panels that can retract into ceiling grooves, effectively extending the interior living spaces towards the Pacific Ocean. The layout of each villa is straightforward, featuring a bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen. These functional areas are enveloped by an open-air terrace, which acts as the primary living space and includes an infinity pool. While the structural form, construction methods, and orientation of the two villas are identical, their interior color schemes differentiate them, reflecting the architect's perception of the site's energies prior to construction. The first villa, Jaspis, embodies yin energy, connecting with the ocean and sky through warm sand-colored hues. In contrast, Nefrit, located 12 meters away, represents yang energy, grounding itself with the earth and jungle through a palette of terracotta and charcoal shades, reminiscent of local soil. The concrete floors in both villas feature distinct non-slip cement screed patterns. Interior fittings merge functionality with aesthetic contrast. The only interior door is a thin sliding fibre-cement panel in the bathroom, while delicate mosquito nets and linen curtains are discreetly installed in ceiling tracks, draping around the beds. Conversely, the bathroom and kitchen counters are integrated into a concrete monolith, and weighty concrete elements like bedside tables and benches draw inspiration from Belgian design principles. Other furnishings, light fixtures, accessories, and art pieces were carefully curated from various international designers, emphasizing originality. This project follows Formafatal's previous collaboration with Refuel Works in 2020 on the nearby Art Villa concrete rental home, which played a pivotal role in Dagmar Štěpánová's relocation to Costa Rica and the expansion of her studio's operations in the region. The project emphasizes sustainable building practices, a strong connection to the natural environment, and a thoughtful integration of interior and exterior design elements. #RammedEarthArchitecture #SustainableDesign #BiophilicInteriors #CostaRicaVillas #ModernArchitecture #InfinityPools #Formafatal #ResidentialDesign #MinimalistArchitecture

This article highlights eleven distinctive rammed-earth projects sourced from Pinterest, reflecting a growing interest among users in earthy interior designs. Rammed earth, a construction technique utilizing compressed layers of natural raw materials like earth, chalk, lime, or gravel, offers a warm aesthetic and natural hues suitable for both interior and exterior applications. The featured projects showcase the versatility and regional adaptability of this sustainable building method. Among the examples is the Cabo Sports Complex in Mexico, designed by Taller Héctor Barroso, which features 5,000 square meters of rammed earth walls that harmonise with the local terrain, complemented by weather-treated pine elements. In Australia, Wood Marsh designed Peninsula House with curving walls of charred timber and rammed earth, specifically crafted to echo the contours of the nearby Bass Strait coastline and its winding paths. Arquipélago Arquitetos’ House in Cunha, Brazil, demonstrates rammed earth walls made from a blend of earth, sand, and clay, resting on a concrete foundation. Its reddish tone is intentionally chosen to blend with the surrounding lush landscape, beneath a flat roof. Di Frenna Arquitectos’ Espacia Kaab in Mexico integrates natural materials like stone, rammed earth, carrizo weaves, and stucco to create a home that accommodates existing flora through courtyards and openings. RIMA Design Group's Casa Ballena, an arts center in Los Cabos, Mexico, utilizes rammed earth for its microclimatic benefits and soundproofing qualities, addressing the specific environmental challenges of the region. Sharon Davis Design employed rammed earth for the Bayalpata Hospital in Nepal, chosen for its cost-effectiveness and use of local materials to replace an outdated clinic. More Design Office in China transformed traditional rammed-earth houses into guesthouses at Floating Cloud Township Villa, also adding new concrete structures for a bar and lounge. Juan Alberto Andrade’s extension for El Retiro, a multifamily housing complex in Ecuador, features a 30-centimeter-thick rammed earth wall that seamlessly blends with the original structure and the surrounding neighborhood. In China, DL Atelier's Sanbaopeng Art Museum was constructed using locally sourced clay-heavy earth, giving it a textured, poetic appearance that seems to emerge from the ground. Lake Flato designed Marfa Ranch in Texas, using three million pounds of rammed earth to construct walls that complement the desert grasslands. Lastly, Neil Architecture's Casa di Campo in Australia is characterized by a four-meter-high rammed-earth wall, providing a rough, grey exterior that integrates with the extensive farmland while also being exposed internally. These projects collectively illustrate the enduring appeal and functional benefits of rammed-earth construction, ranging from aesthetic integration with natural environments to sustainable material use and climate control. The applications span various building types, including residential homes, sports facilities, arts centers, and hospitals, demonstrating the material's adaptability and growing relevance in contemporary architecture. #RammedEarthArchitecture #SustainableDesign #NaturalMaterials #EarthyInteriors #ArchitecturalRoundup #GlobalArchitecture #EcoFriendlyConstruction #ResidentialArchitecture #PublicBuildings

This blog post showcases a remarkable renovation project in Mexico City, where architect Ludwig Godefroy transformed an ordinary 1980s house into a minimalist and serene family home. The project, named Casa SanJe, was initiated during the pandemic with the primary goal of re-establishing a strong connection between the living space and its garden. Godefroy's design approach focused on opening up the ground floor with large windows, effectively blurring the boundaries between indoor and outdoor environments. This strategic alteration aimed to elevate the garden's prominence, making it a central element of the home's experience. The renovation involved a significant streamlining of interior finishes, moving away from the original tiled floors and textured plaster walls (known as 'tirol'). The material palette was deliberately limited to concrete, wood, and red volcanic stone, or 'tezontle.' These materials were chosen for their ability to create a calming atmosphere and to age gracefully rather than deteriorate over time, ensuring the home's timeless appeal. A distinctive feature of this design is the extensive use of concrete for various furniture pieces, including the kitchen island, dining table, and sofa, contributing to a cohesive and minimalist aesthetic throughout the house. Measuring 2,691 square feet, Casa SanJe reflects Godefroy's personal vision for a tranquil living space for his family, including his wife and daughter. The architect's stated intention was to create an environment that exists outside fleeting trends, emphasizing durability and a quiet ambiance conducive to rest. The integration of natural materials like wood and volcanic rock softens the hard-edged character often associated with concrete, adding texture and warmth to the interiors. The design aims to provide a sense of enduring simplicity, allowing the architecture to blend seamlessly with its natural surroundings. The project is documented with a series of 21 photographs by Edmund Sumner and Paul Raeside, capturing the unique material applications and the harmonious indoor-outdoor flow. This feature is part of Dwell's 'Houses We Love' series, highlighting innovative and inspiring residential designs from its community of architects, designers, builders, and homeowners. The article highlights how a carefully considered material selection and a focus on natural connections can transform an outdated structure into a modern, enduring, and peaceful dwelling, reflecting a deeper appreciation for simple, honest materials and their long-term aesthetic and functional value. #Renovations #ConcreteHomes #HomeTours #LatinAmericanHomes #MexicoCityArchitecture #LudwigGodefroy #IndoorOutdoorLiving #MinimalistDesign

Rammed earth, an ancient building technique, is gaining renewed attention for its potential in sustainable urban architecture. This method involves compacting a mix of clay, sand, and silt into robust walls, offering natural insulation, soundproofing, and durability. Historically used for simple structures across various cultures, modern advancements have allowed rammed earth to be integrated into beautiful and sustainable buildings in regions like Australia, Germany, Switzerland, and the Southwestern U.S. The core principle of rammed earth construction is akin to masonry. Builders collect local soil, often from the construction site itself, and use wooden forms to create layered walls. Each layer of soil is compacted, resulting in a distinct, multi-hued appearance. While the process is labor-intensive, proponents highlight the unique aesthetic and tactile experience of these structures. Bly Windstorm of Earth Dwell emphasizes the profound connection people feel within a rammed earth building, describing it as a feeling that transcends typical construction materials. Despite its benefits, which also include low carbon impact and excellent thermal mass, rammed earth has typically been confined to suburban areas, university campuses, or as accent features in larger buildings within modern cities. A significant challenge in dense urban environments is the considerable thickness of rammed earth walls, which can be 18 inches or even up to four feet wide. This dimension can lead to a loss of valuable interior square footage, making it a less appealing option for architects concerned with maximizing space in urban settings. Joshua Aidlin, an architect who has worked with rammed earth, notes that these walls inherently possess a 'nuance to the reality of imperfection,' which may require occupants to appreciate this natural aesthetic. However, he also sees it as a valuable opportunity to connect urban dwellers with the natural environment, offering a tangible expression of the land within often paved-over cityscapes. In recent years, designers have increasingly incorporated rammed earth as feature walls, leveraging its unique texture and practical properties, such as its ability to absorb and release heat when positioned strategically, for example, between a building and a greenhouse. However, the logistical challenges and specialized labor required for traditional rammed earth construction continue to hinder its widespread adoption in urban centers. David Easton, founder of Rammed Earth Works, describes the mobilization of equipment like dump trucks and wall forms in a bustling city as a 'nightmare.' To overcome this, Easton has been developing an innovative solution: a rammed earth block, dubbed the Watershed Block. This block is composed of quartz, recycled concrete, and locally sourced earth, designed to be used in a manner similar to conventional concrete blocks. This innovation could transform rammed earth into a more versatile and accessible material for urban construction. If successful, the Watershed Block could significantly impact the environmental footprint of rapidly expanding cities, particularly in regions like China, where cement consumption is exceedingly high. By substituting concrete with these low-impact rammed earth blocks, cities could drastically reduce their embodied carbon emissions. This development has the potential to unlock rammed earth's full potential as a local, sustainable building material in urban settings, making its ancient technique relevant and transformative for modern architecture. #RammedEarth #SustainableArchitecture #UrbanDesign #EcoFriendlyBuilding #GreenConstruction #BuildingMaterials #ArchitecturalInnovation #LowCarbonImpact #ResilientCities

Quinta Fachada, an architecture studio based in Ibarra, Ecuador, has developed 'Taller Atemporal,' a multifunctional 18-square-meter space designed to serve as a coworking area, showroom, project workshop, and architectural office. The project emphasizes sustainable design and construction practices, focusing on minimizing environmental impact and optimizing resource use within the specific climatic conditions of Ecuador. The primary structural material chosen for Taller Atemporal is laminated wood, selected for its low environmental footprint, durability, and energy efficiency. This wood is responsibly sourced from certified forests, aligning with the studio's commitment to sustainability. The use of prefabricated wooden components significantly reduces the construction duration, contributing to overall efficiency and minimizing on-site waste. This approach not only speeds up the building process but also ensures a high level of precision and quality in the construction. To enhance the building's thermal and acoustic performance, polycarbonate and rice straws are incorporated into the facade design. These materials provide effective insulation, protecting the interior from noise and adverse weather conditions while maintaining a contemporary aesthetic. The thoughtful selection of these materials contributes to the energy efficiency of the structure, reducing the need for artificial heating or cooling. Internally, the space features low-maintenance OSB (Oriented Strand Board) panels, which are then coated with microcement. This combination offers both durability and a refined finish, suitable for a professional and versatile environment. A key design element is the large tempered glass facade, which opens the interior to the surrounding landscape. This integration of glass allows abundant natural light to penetrate the space, enhancing the visual connection with the outdoors and reducing reliance on artificial lighting during the day. Quinta Fachada's design for Taller Atemporal adopts a holistic approach to sustainability. The single, open-plan layout is adaptable, allowing for flexible use across its various functions—coworking, showroom, workshop, and office. The roof is not merely a protective element but acts as a significant structural and symbolic feature, contributing to the overall aesthetic and functional integrity of the building. This open design, combined with strategic solar orientation, ensures optimal thermal comfort without compromising energy efficiency. The natural light that floods the space further shapes the interior experience, creating a bright and inviting atmosphere conducive to productivity and creativity. The project underscores Quinta Fachada’s dedication to innovative, environmentally conscious architecture that responds effectively to its local context. By prioritizing sustainable materials, prefabrication techniques, and passive design strategies, Taller Atemporal serves as a practical example of how small-scale architectural interventions can achieve high standards of environmental responsibility and functional versatility. #prefabricatedWood #multifunctionalSpace #sustainableArchitecture #QuintaFachada #EcuadorianArchitecture #lowEnvironmentalFootprint #coworkingSpace #laminatedWood #OSBpanels

Architects Maria Gomez, Giovanni Ocampo, and Héctor Coss have designed Casa Santos, a low-lying, three-house retreat in Todos Santos, a coastal town on Mexico's Baja Peninsula. The project, located on a 2,000-square-meter desert property with distant sea views, aims to integrate concrete with the desert's aesthetic and address the region's seismic vulnerability. The retreat, which includes three residential buildings and a fourth for service functions, is intended for the Miami Beach-based owners and is also available for rent. The design process prioritized harmony with the natural terrain and resilience against earthquakes. The architects describe Casa Santos as an exploration of concrete's potential to foster community and sustainability within the desert environment. The structures feature ribbed concrete with a pinkish hue, chosen to blend with the natural desert sand and mitigate solar heat gain. The fluting in the walls creates shadows, contributing to passive cooling, while the concrete itself offers thermal relief from the desert heat and structural integrity in an earthquake-prone area. The construction utilized formwork made of rolled-steel sheets, which provided flexibility in placing apertures. After the concrete work was completed, these steel sheets were repurposed for other elements on the property, such as doors, fences, and gates, demonstrating a commitment to material efficiency and recycling. This approach aligns with the project's sustainability goals. The individual homes within Casa Santos share similar layouts, though two have three bedrooms and one has two bedrooms. Each residence includes a kitchen, dining area, and lounge space. The buildings are composed of cube-shaped modules, each measuring 25 square meters, with separate modules for bedrooms/bathrooms and public functions. These modules are intentionally arranged to interact, forming a series of passages, alleys, patios, and squares that evoke the spatial organization of a medieval town. Interior materials include medium-density fiberboard millwork and concrete flooring. The distinctive ribbed concrete walls are left exposed throughout the interiors, providing a consistent aesthetic and tactile quality. The architects emphasize that the walls function as a pure, articulating element, simultaneously serving as interior and exterior surfaces, facades, structural components, and contributing to the overall texture and finish of the spaces. Casa Santos is presented as a contemporary answer to fundamental questions in modern architecture, offering a model for modular construction and scalable accessibility. It incorporates sustainability and climate resilience through its material choices and design strategies. The project achieves an architecture that is austere, formal, and deeply connected to its natural surroundings. Maria Gomez and Giovanni Ocampo lead La Nopalera, and Héctor Coss has his studio, both based in Mexico City. The photography for Casa Santos was done by Jaime Navarro. #MexicanArchitecture #ConcreteDesign #SustainableArchitecture #DesertHomes #ModularConstruction #SeismicResilience #ArchitecturalInnovation #ResidentialDesign #BajaPeninsula

The article discusses the architectural installation "Spirit of the City" by London-based United Visual Artists (UVA) at A/D/O in New York, presented during New York Design Week. This installation is a collaboration with Mini, hosted in their innovative creative space, A/D/O. The primary goal of the installation is to offer a reflective experience within the dynamic urban environment, metaphorically and physically mirroring its surroundings and New York City at large. The installation consists of 9-foot-high modular columns that revolve, creating an immersive experience for visitors. The rotation patterns are not arbitrary; they are based on extensive research into human activity within the city. This research allowed UVA to develop a 24-hour algorithm that dictates the movement of the columns, transitioning from tranquil rhythms to more urgent, dynamic movements. As visitors navigate the space around these colossal totems, they can observe subtle shadows cast onto the ground, forming intricate, poetic patterns that respond to the kinetic energy of the columns. The surface of the columns themselves presents varying perspectives, shifting from serene sky blues to the grittier, industrial aesthetics of A/D/O's creative hub. This visual transformation further emphasizes the interplay between the installation and its urban backdrop. UVA, founded in 2003, is known for its art practice that integrates technology to create experiences that often extend beyond conventional physical boundaries. Their previous works have been showcased globally in prestigious institutions such as the Victoria and Albert Museum and YCAM in Japan. Matt Clark, founder of UVA, poses a fundamental question through "Spirit of the City": do human activities shape urban landscapes, or do urban landscapes, in turn, define human activities? This philosophical inquiry underpins the interactive and reflective nature of the installation. A/D/O itself, located in a converted warehouse in Brooklyn, opened the previous year, featuring a diverse array of design-focused retail, bars, and restaurants, aligning with Mini's broader design agenda. Mini's head of brand strategy and business innovation, Esther Bahne, states that Mini believes in design's capacity to foster a more humane world. A/D/O initially launched with Design Academy, a three-day festival for professional designers to explore cultural themes. "Spirit of the City" marks the space's first major showcase for NYCxDesign since its opening and was on display until 2 September. The installation, through its thoughtful design and interactive elements, invites contemplation on the symbiotic relationship between people and their urban surroundings. #NewYorkDesignWeek #ArchitecturalInstallation #UnitedVisualArtists #UrbanEnvironment #AdoSpace #MiniCollaboration #KineticArt #PublicArt

JVL Architects designed Casa del Este, a fully off-grid residence in Cabo del Este, Baja California Sur, Mexico, for a North American family. This dwelling integrates rammed earth, concrete, and oak to create a structure that is both durable and responsive to the arid climate and natural landscape of the region. The house serves as both a retreat and a permanent home, capable of accommodating up to twelve individuals across a main volume and an independent guest casita. The program of Casa del Este includes three en-suite bedrooms, various social areas, a shaded terrace, a pool and jacuzzi, dedicated outdoor cooking and dining spaces, and a three-car garage. The architectural layout prioritizes unobstructed sea views and provides essential protection from strong winds, while also ensuring that all areas are safe and easily accessible for children. Entry to the residence is marked by a blind wall, which ensures privacy and guides visitors along a gradual approach to the main entrance, defined by rammed-earth walls and a brick threshold. A central courtyard serves as the functional and aesthetic core of Casa del Este, drawing inspiration from traditional Mexican architectural principles. This courtyard is enveloped by a concrete pergola, which skillfully filters natural light and promotes efficient cross-ventilation, a crucial feature for maintaining comfort, especially during hurricane season. At the heart of the courtyard, a torote tree stands, surrounded by indigenous vegetation and an earthen floor, reinforcing the building's material authenticity and connection to its environment. From this central courtyard, a series of interconnected interior and exterior spaces extend seamlessly towards the expansive terrace, infinity pool, and the Pacific Ocean, situated approximately 40 meters away. The social areas of the house are directly linked to the outdoors, fostering a continuous visual and spatial flow from the interior to the coastal landscape. The bedrooms are strategically positioned to offer direct views of the sea while maintaining privacy, with two bedrooms located on each level. The guest casita is designed as a separate entity, featuring its own private courtyard enclosed by rammed-earth walls. The main terrace is a comprehensive outdoor living area, equipped with a barbecue, a bar, a firepit, a pool, and a jacuzzi. A concrete staircase, finished with polished cement and fine sand, provides a direct path from the house to the beach, completing the harmonious transition from the built environment to the natural shoreline. The material palette of Casa del Este intentionally employs rammed earth, exposed concrete, clay, marble, and oak, celebrating material honesty and structural clarity. The concrete surfaces exhibit visible formwork textures, creating a horizontal grain that complements the tactile quality of the earth walls. The interior design, overseen by Mariana Cabrera, maintains a consistent aesthetic through custom-made furniture, textiles, and finishes, all selected for their texture, durability, and material cohesion. Sustainability and self-sufficiency are foundational aspects of the project. Casa del Este operates entirely off-grid, powered by a robust solar energy system. Water is supplied by tankers and undergoes on-site treatment through a sophisticated three-tank filtration and storage system, which then provides water for both domestic use and irrigation. The landscaping incorporates native plant species, such as agave, ocotillo, torote, and cardón, chosen to minimize water consumption and seamlessly integrate the dwelling into its surrounding ecosystem. Structurally, the house is designed to preserve the visual continuity of its rammed-earth walls. Columns are discreetly integrated within the thickness of the walls wherever feasible, ensuring material consistency and avoiding visual interruptions. In the double-height social area, two 10.5-meter-long window axes provide extensive views of the courtyard and terrace, supported by subtly placed 50×50 cm columns that align with the architectural grid. The reinforcement structure was meticulously modeled in 3D to ensure precision and coherence between the design concept and the actual construction. Casa del Este exemplifies JVL Architects' commitment to site-specific design and expressive material usage, bridging traditional techniques with modern construction to foster a deep connection between architecture, landscape, and climate. #RammedEarthArchitecture #OffGridLiving #CoastalResidence #SustainableDesign #MexicanArchitecture #CourtyardHouse #JVLArchitects #BajaCaliforniaSur #ConcreteDesign