"Ancient cooling techniques" integrated into 3D-printed partitions

Milan-based designer Libero Rutilo of DesignLibero has developed an innovative method to upcycle PET plastic bottles into aesthetically pleasing vases using 3D printing technology. The collection, which consists of external shells, is designed to transform ordinary half-liter bottles into functional and decorative pieces. This approach not only provides a second life for discarded plastic bottles but also merges sustainable practices with contemporary design. The process involves inserting an empty PET bottle into one of Rutilo's 3D-printed shells. The bottle is then securely screwed into the shell, much like a cap, creating a stable and cohesive unit. The external shell, rather than being a standalone vase, acts as a decorative cover and structural support for the bottle, which holds the water for flowers. This clever integration means that the primary function of holding liquid remains with the original bottle, while the 3D-printed component adds artistic value and a new purpose. The collection features four distinct designs, each characterized by intricate, mesh-like patterns. The 'iSinuous' design showcases a fluid, wavy pattern composed of graceful curves, offering a sense of organic movement. The 'iKnitted' design, as its name suggests, mimics the texture and appearance of knitted fabric, bringing a cozy and handcrafted feel to the piece. The 'iLace' vase features a delicate, crochet-like pattern, evoking a classic and elegant aesthetic. Finally, the 'iSpider' design stands out with its biomorphic pattern, which draws inspiration from natural forms, giving it a unique and organic presence. Libero Rutilo's project highlights the potential of 3D printing in product design and its role in promoting sustainability through upcycling. By focusing on creating external shells, the designer minimizes the amount of new material required for each vase, making the production process more environmentally friendly. The versatility of 3D printing allows for complex and diverse patterns, demonstrating how technology can be used to elevate simple, everyday objects into works of art. This initiative encourages consumers to reconsider the lifecycle of plastic waste and offers a practical and stylish solution for repurposing plastic bottles into home decor items. #3DPrinting #Upcycling #ProductDesign #SustainableDesign #VaseDesign #HomeDecor #LiberoRutilo #PETBottles #DesignLibero

The Poilu Vases represent an innovative venture into material research and 3D printing technology by Paris-based Studio Bold. This project explores the integration of natural fibers into 3D printed structures to create unique textural qualities in decorative objects. The studio's research centered on developing a method to implant what they describe as “hair” into the vases during the additive manufacturing process, aiming to enhance the visual and tactile bulk of the objects. The design philosophy behind the Poilu Vases bridges mathematical logic with natural generative principles. Studio Bold formulated a specialized code that dictates the precise coordinates for the integration of fibrous materials within the 3D printing sequence. This algorithmic approach allowed for a controlled yet organic outcome, resulting in surfaces that mimic the appearance of looped fibers, reminiscent of certain textile textures such as those found in rugs. Crafted from vegetable-based fibers, the vases incorporate materials like bamboo, coconut, and wood. These natural components contribute to the distinctive “hairy” texture and give each vase a unique character. The choice of natural fibers also aligns with contemporary design trends that emphasize sustainability and the incorporation of organic elements into manufactured goods. The collection consists of three distinct vases, each named after a hair color: "Blond," "Brun," and "Roux." This nomenclature further reinforces the concept of implanted "hair" and differentiates the individual pieces within the series. Each vase is produced as part of a limited edition, with specific numbering and artist signatures. This exclusivity positions the Poilu Vases as collectible design pieces rather than mass-produced items. The Poilu Vases are distributed through Aybar Gallery, highlighting their status as art and design objects. The collaboration with a gallery suggests a deliberate effort to present these pieces within a fine art context, appealing to collectors and design enthusiasts interested in the intersection of technology, art, and natural materials. This project showcases the potential of 3D printing to move beyond purely functional applications and into the realm of sculptural and decorative art, pushing the boundaries of what is achievable in contemporary object design through material innovation and advanced manufacturing techniques. #3DPrinting #VaseDesign #StudioBold #MaterialInnovation #HomeDecor #VegetableFibers #LimitedEdition #AybarGallery #ContemporaryDesign

Traditional building solutions, honed over centuries and utilizing local materials and techniques, offer effective passive cooling strategies that are experiencing a resurgence in relevance. While globalization and technological advancements have introduced modern comforts and new opportunities in construction, they have also led to the homogenization of building solutions and increased reliance on global supply chains, often at the expense of traditional knowledge. The current climate crisis, coupled with rising energy costs and projected population growth in hot climates, underscores the urgent need to revisit these time-tested methods. Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), highlights the critical oversight of growing air conditioning demand in contemporary energy discussions. Air conditioning and electric fans currently account for nearly 20% of global electricity consumption in buildings. Projections indicate a threefold increase in air conditioning units by 2050, demanding electricity equivalent to the current combined energy consumption of India and China. This trend is further exacerbated by increasingly long and intense heat waves worldwide. In response to these challenges, there is a growing interest in integrating ancient cooling techniques into modern architecture. This approach seeks to reduce the environmental impact of cooling while enhancing comfort. Key traditional methods include natural ventilation, which uses strategic building orientation and openings to facilitate airflow, and passive evaporative cooling, which leverages water evaporation to lower temperatures. Buildings incorporating green roofs and walls can also benefit from reduced heat absorption and improved insulation. The use of thermal mass, such as thick walls and floors, helps regulate indoor temperatures by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night. Traditional design principles, such as optimizing building orientation to minimize solar heat gain, implementing effective shading elements, and utilizing courtyard designs to create microclimates, are crucial. Additionally, traditional materials like adobe, stone, and certain types of wood offer inherent thermal properties that support passive cooling. These methods are not only energy-efficient but also promote local material sourcing, reduce carbon footprints, and contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage. The integration of these historical approaches with contemporary architectural design and technological advancements can lead to innovative and sustainable cooling solutions. By drawing inspiration from the past, architects and designers can develop buildings that are more resilient to extreme heat, less reliant on energy-intensive mechanical systems, and more attuned to their local environments, thereby addressing the escalating demand for cooling in a sustainable manner. #TraditionalCoolingMethods #PassiveCooling #SustainableArchitecture #EnergyEfficiency #ClimateChangeAdaptation #ArchitecturalInnovation #BuildingDesign #Ventilation #ThermalComfort

The increasing adoption of additive manufacturing has expanded the role of 3D printing beyond industrial applications, establishing it as a versatile medium in art studios and various creative fields. This technology facilitates the creation of innovative artistic, conceptual, and cultural works, and has even contributed to the digital preservation and reconstruction of historical artifacts and global heritage sites. While not always the central focus, 3D printing often serves as a crucial supporting tool, enabling designers, artists, and artisans to realize new designs and concepts. A prime example of this collaborative approach is found in the Forma Fabrica collection by industrial designer Nir Neria. This collection reinterprets the traditional porcelain vase by exploring the interplay between different materials and design processes. Neria's method integrates slip casting, a ceramic technique typically used for complex shapes that traditionally relies on plaster molds. However, Neria has modernized this ancient technique by combining it with 3D printing and textiles, resulting in a novel, sustainable, and reusable molding process. The design process begins with computer-aided design (CAD) software, where the vase is rendered in 3D. This digital stage allows for precise definition of each mold component and how they will interlock. Subsequently, these mold components are 3D printed. These printed parts are then integrated with fabric, which the artist sews together. The assembled fabric and 3D-printed elements form the mold, ready for porcelain slip casting. During casting, liquid porcelain is poured into the mold and then drained after a sufficient layer has adhered to the inner fabric walls. Once the porcelain reaches the desired firmness, the mold can be disassembled, and the piece is prepared for firing in a kiln. The use of fabric as a molding material imbues the finished vases with distinctive visual and tactile qualities. The impressions of the cloth's texture, stitching, and folds are visibly transferred to the surface of the vessels, creating an intriguing contrast between the perceived weight and malleability of the material. Furthermore, the application of pigments to the inner fabrics before casting introduces an additional dimension, infusing color that mimics marbling or even denim patterns. A significant advantage of this method is the reusability of the mold. The modular nature of the 3D-printed support structure also allows for extensive customization, enabling the creation of numerous unique shapes and configurations from a relatively small set of initial components. The Forma Fabrica collection exemplifies Nir Neria's commitment to innovative design, with 3D printing and sustainable biomaterials increasingly central to his work. #3DPrinting #AdditiveManufacturing #VaseDesign #CeramicArt #SlipCasting #IndustrialDesign #SustainableDesign #TextileIntegration #NirNeria

Radiant cooling systems offer energy efficiency and enhanced thermal comfort compared to traditional convective cooling, but their application in hot and humid climates is limited by insufficient cooling capacity and condensation risk. Previous research has explored the use of infrared-transparent membranes (DIMs) to separate the air-contact surface from the cooling source, allowing for lower cooling source temperatures while maintaining the air-contact surface above the dew point. This approach is effective for chilled ceilings with high emissivity (above 0.9), where radiant heat transfer is substantial. However, for metal chilled ceilings with low emissivity (around 0.2–0.3), DIMs can reduce radiant heat transfer, leading to inadequate cooling capacity. This paper introduces a novel solution: adaptive double-skin infrared membranes (a-DIMs). These membranes consist of a high-emissivity radiation-cooling membrane and a high-transparency air-contact membrane. The high-emissivity membrane functions as the primary radiant cooling surface, effectively replacing the low-emissivity chilled ceiling and boosting radiant heat flux. Simultaneously, the high-transparency membrane facilitates significant radiant heat transfer from the cooling load to the chilled ceiling. A combined heat transfer analysis, incorporating semi-transparent surface radiation and natural convection, was conducted to predict the cooling capacity of this condensation-free radiant cooling system. The findings demonstrate a significant improvement in cooling capacity with the implementation of a-DIMs. For instance, using a-DIMs composed of a high-emissivity membrane (0.96) and a high-transparency membrane (0.87) can achieve a cooling capacity of up to 101.9 W/m², representing a twofold increase compared to conventional metal chilled ceilings with a low emissivity of 0.2. Furthermore, this capacity is 25% higher than that achieved with the infrared transparent DIMs presented in earlier work. The results also indicate that a-DIMs can more than double the cooling capacity of low-emissivity metal chilled ceilings across various humidity levels, while effectively preventing condensation. The air-contact surface temperature using a-DIMs was calculated to be 17.6°C, and 23.5°C using DIMs, both exceeding the dew point of 17.5°C in the example provided, thus eliminating condensation risk. Further analysis explored the impact of different parameters. Increasing the emissivity of the radiation-cooling membrane was shown to enhance cooling capacity, especially for low-emissivity chilled ceilings. The transmittance of the air-contact membrane, while not significantly affecting condensation, plays a crucial role in overall cooling capacity, with higher transmittance leading to better performance. The thickness of the interlayer between the membranes also influences the air-contact surface temperature, with greater thickness contributing to improved condensation prevention safety. The study also evaluated the performance under varying environmental humidity, showing that while cooling capacity decreases with increasing relative humidity, the performance improvement relative to conventional radiant cooling becomes more pronounced. These findings offer valuable guidance for designing high-performance, condensation-free radiant cooling systems, particularly for applications involving low-emissivity metal chilled ceilings. #RadiantCooling #CondensationFree #CoolingCapacity #InfraredMembranes #LowEmissivityChilledCeiling #ThermalEngineering #BuildingEnergyEfficiency #HeatTransfer #AdaptiveMembranes

Researchers at ETH Zürich, in collaboration with FenX AG, are advancing construction technology through large-scale robotic 3D printing of cement-free mineral foam. This innovative approach utilizes recycled waste materials to create monolithic, lightweight, and inherently insulated wall systems. The primary goal is to minimize material consumption, reduce labor requirements, and cut associated costs in building construction. The cement-free mineral foam is a porous material that offers flexibility in density, allowing for strategic distribution of insulation and structural strength. This adaptability optimizes the thermal performance of walls, consequently decreasing the energy needed for heating interior spaces. Furthermore, the use of a single, adaptable material significantly streamlines future reuse and recycling processes, and it boasts a lower carbon footprint compared to conventional plastic or aerated concrete foams. The project, named 'Airlements,' showcases a prototype wall constructed from four 3D-printed parts. Each hollow segment weighs 25 kg and was printed in under an hour, followed by a week-long hardening process in a controlled environment. This process operates efficiently within a temperature range of 20 to 28 degrees Celsius and a relative humidity of 20 to 70%, eliminating the need for energy-intensive processing steps typically associated with cement-free mineral foams. The design incorporates a corrugated texture in each piece, enhancing the structural integrity and strength of the final wall structure. When assembled, the hollow core of these segments can be filled with additional mineral foam and sealed with a cementless plaster, forming a cohesive monolithic system suitable for non-structural exterior walls. The casting process also allows for the seamless integration of reinforcements and essential infrastructure facilities, expanding the potential applications of this technology. Future research efforts will concentrate on improving the load-bearing capacity of these elements and refining the manufacturing precision of the 3D printing system. This development signifies a notable step forward in sustainable construction practices, offering a more environmentally friendly and resource-efficient alternative to traditional building methods. The collaboration between ETH Zürich and FenX AG highlights the potential of interdisciplinary research in addressing contemporary challenges in architecture and construction, particularly concerning material innovation and automation in manufacturing. The 'Airlements' project demonstrates a practical application of advanced robotic fabrication techniques, contributing to the broader goal of sustainable and cost-effective building solutions. #ThreeDPrinting #ConstructionMaterials #Insulation #WallConstruction #InnovationInArchitecture #MineralFoam #ETHZurich #SustainableBuilding #RoboticFabrication

Electronic waste, or e-waste, significantly contributes to the global trash problem, with gadgets and devices frequently ending up in landfills at the end of their lifecycle. Joe Doucet, a designer known for his minimalist and thought-provoking aesthetic, has addressed this challenge by creating a piece of furniture that highlights the potential for repurposing discarded materials into functional and aesthetically pleasing objects. Doucet's OLO Table is a prime example of sustainable design, crafted from electronic waste such as old refrigerators, keyboards, and computer mice, which are given a new purpose. The core material used in the OLO Table is Polygood Oyster, manufactured by The Good Plastic Company. This material is made from polystyrene meticulously extracted from various electronic waste sources. Once collected, the polystyrene undergoes a thermoforming process, utilizing heat and pressure to mold it into the desired shapes, specifically for the table's base. The distinctive characteristic of Polygood Oyster is its inherent beauty derived from the recycling process; it retains colorful flecks and fragments from its original electronic components. These visual elements are not considered imperfections but rather serve as a historical narrative, with each table subtly telling the story of its previous life. This unique visual aspect adds considerable depth and character to the OLO Table, making it a compelling conversation piece. The table's design further reinforces its sustainability message through its fluid geometry, featuring a seamless and monolithic top that transitions into semi-circular legs. This continuous form visually embodies the closed-loop design philosophy advocated by both Joe Doucet and The Good Plastic Company. This approach emphasizes the cyclical nature of materials, where discarded resources are reintegrated into a closed system, thereby minimizing waste and maximizing material value. More than just an attractive furniture item, the OLO Table conveys a significant message about circularity and the inherent value found in waste. By utilizing discarded electronics, Doucet directly confronts the escalating issue of e-waste, transforming what is typically considered refuse into a desirable and practical object. This innovative method challenges conventional perceptions of waste and underscores the considerable potential for creative upcycling within the design industry. Although the OLO Table is a unique, one-off creation with no current plans for mass production, it stands as a powerful statement on sustainable practices. #Ewaste #SustainableDesign #ClosedLoopDesign #FurnitureDesign #RecycledMaterials #PolygoodOyster #JoeDoucet #ProductDesign #CircularEconomy

The article explores the potential of mycelium, the root system of fungi, as a sustainable and versatile material for 3D printing. It highlights mycelium's environmental benefits, particularly in contrast to materials like plastic and cement, which have significant ecological footprints. Mycelium acts as a natural binder, leveraging its hyphae to fuse with and reinforce other materials like wood or straw, forming a solid, moldable, and printable composite. Its carbon-absorbing properties and ability to thrive on waste materials further contribute to a circular economy. The article details the numerous advantageous properties of mycelium. It is a renewable raw material with cost-effective and low-energy processing requirements, and it is easily recyclable and biodegradable. Mycelium-based materials are harmless to human health, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Physically, mycelium exhibits excellent heat-insulating, flame-resistant, and hydrophobic qualities, while also being remarkably strong and stable. These characteristics make it suitable as a replacement for a wide array of conventional materials, including leather, wood, cardboard, polystyrene, and insulating wool, broadening its applications across various industries. The integration of mycelium with 3D printing technologies is a key focus. The additive nature of 3D printing, which minimizes waste, combined with bio-based materials like mycelium, offers an ecological production method. Extrusion-based 3D printing is commonly used, where a mycelium composite paste is shaped. The composition of this composite can be varied to achieve specific material properties, and the resulting products can feature diverse colors, textures, and patterns. However, the printing process is complex, requiring careful control of parameters. Mycelium is first enriched with raw materials such as wood, sawdust, paper, or cardboard to create a mycocomposite. This material must then be cultivated to achieve the necessary flowability, elasticity, and malleability for printing. A sterile environment is crucial during printing to prevent contamination, as mycelium is susceptible to bacterial infestation. After printing, a second colonization phase allows the living mycelium to expand and solidify the composite. Finally, heat drying stops the fungal growth, ensuring the material properties remain stable and preventing further spread. The article presents several case studies demonstrating mycelium's applications. In architecture, the Shape Lab at Graz University of Technology developed MyCera, a composite of clay, sawdust, and mycelium, showing promise as a sustainable alternative to cement-based binders. London-based Blast Studio created 'The Tree Column,' an architectural element from waste cardboard and mycelium. ETH Zurich's MycoTree project further explored mycelium and bamboo for stable, branched structures. Mycelium is also being utilized for underwater structures, such as those by Urban Reef. In interior design, companies like Buřinka offer designer furniture from mycelium and wood, and artists like Eric Klarenbeek create lightweight furniture from mycelium and straw. Yasmine Mahmoudieh showcased mycelium furniture at the Architecture Biennale, and bioMATTERS studio developed MYCO ALGA tiles from algae and mycelium. Beyond aesthetics, Fraunhofer Institutes have investigated mycelium's insulating properties for sound absorbers and high-performance acoustic loudspeakers. Intriguingly, mycelium's regenerative capabilities are being explored in medicine, with ETH Zurich and TU Delft developing a self-healing hydrogel from shiny lacquer fungus for potential robotic skin applications. These diverse projects underscore mycelium's potential as a sustainable alternative across numerous fields. #Mycelium3DPrinting #SustainableMaterials #BioBasedMaterials #AdditiveManufacturing #GreenBuilding #CircularEconomy #ArchitecturalInnovation #InteriorDesign #MaterialScience

The article provides a comprehensive overview of radiators available for home heating systems, catering to both modern and traditional interior styles. It highlights a diverse selection from brands like Wickes, Homeline by StelRad, and Homeline by Henrad, emphasizing various designs including horizontal and vertical orientations, alongside made-to-order options. The range of radiators discussed includes all-purpose radiators, double panel radiators, single panel radiators, designer radiators, and towel radiators, allowing for customization to fit specific room aesthetics and heating requirements. Beyond just the heating units themselves, the article delves into essential accessories and maintenance components. It covers radiator covers, available in materials like oak, white, or ready-to-paint finishes, which can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a room by concealing the radiator while still allowing heat emission. Additionally, it details critical maintenance tools such as radiator valves, lockshields, pipe sleeves, and bleed keys, underscoring the importance of these items for ensuring optimal performance and longevity of the heating system. The content also addresses frequently asked questions related to radiator maintenance, offering practical guidance. It includes a reference to an easy-to-follow guide on how to bleed a radiator, a crucial step for maintaining heating efficiency. Furthermore, it provides detailed, step-by-step instructions on how to balance radiators, a process that ensures even heat distribution throughout a home. This balancing procedure involves switching off the central heating, bleeding radiators, opening all radiator valves, restarting the heating, and then systematically adjusting lockshield valves, starting from the radiator closest to the boiler. The process aims to achieve an approximate 12°C temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of each radiator, fine-tuning adjustments until all units heat uniformly. Lastly, for those considering more involved tasks, the article directs readers to a video resource that explains how to remove a radiator, situated within a broader guide on radiator installation. The article positions itself as a resource for homeowners looking to either install new radiators or maintain existing ones, providing both product selection assistance and practical, actionable advice for a well-functioning heating system. #Radiators #HomeHeating #CentralHeating #RadiatorMaintenance #HomeImprovement #InteriorDesign #HeatingEfficiency #DIYHome

The growing urban population is projected to significantly increase cooling energy demand and associated environmental issues like carbon emissions and air pollution by 2040. Radiative cooling, which passively controls thermal radiation, offers a potential solution. This approach involves designing surfaces with high solar reflectivity to minimize heat absorption and high mid-infrared (mid-IR) emissivity to maximize heat emission to space. Current nanophotonic structures, while effective, are often too costly and complex for widespread building applications. Other alternatives, like dielectric pigment paints, suffer from poor near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) absorption, while some polymer composites, though capable of significant cooling, use expensive metallic films and complex manufacturing processes. This research introduces a techno-economically viable cool white polymer coating that integrates glass bubbles into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The study details the preparation, characterization, and performance of these coatings. By varying the volume concentration of glass bubbles from 0% to 70%, the solar reflectivity of the coating can be increased from 0.06 to 0.92, while maintaining a mid-IR emissivity above 0.85. The flexibility of the material allows it to be twisted or rolled, indicating its potential for large-scale application, particularly when combined with advanced manufacturing techniques like blade coating. The stiffness and Young's modulus of the composites were observed to increase with higher glass bubble concentrations, while stretchability and flexibility decreased. Optical property measurements, including diffuse reflectivity, transmissivity, and specular reflectivity, were conducted across the UV-VIS-NIR and mid-IR spectrums. The results show that increasing glass bubble concentration significantly enhances solar reflectivity and decreases transmissivity, with the 70 vol% coating achieving a high solar reflectivity of 0.92. This high broadband reflectivity is attributed to the wide distribution of glass bubble diameters, ranging from 1 µm to over 40 µm. The study also calculated the refractive index values, n(λ) and k(λ), which increase with higher glass bubble concentrations, leading to more light scattering and improved reflectivity. Outdoor temperature measurements demonstrated the coating's cooling capabilities. A 70 vol% polymer coating on a concrete block achieved a temperature reduction of up to 25 °C compared to a bare concrete block and exhibited a maximum sub-ambient cooling of 9.6 °C under peak solar irradiance when shielded from wind. Without wind shielding, the coated concrete block showed temperatures comparable to ambient air. The study predicted a net cooling power exceeding 78 W/m² at a cost under $0.005/W. A building energy consumption analysis using seven commercial and residential building models in Los Angeles projected annual energy savings of 2–12 MJ/m² and CO2 emission savings of 0.3–1.5 kg/m² for buildings employing this coating. The analysis indicated that low-rise buildings with a larger exterior surface area-to-volume ratio would experience more significant energy savings. The coating also demonstrated superior performance in cost savings and CO2 emission reduction compared to commercial white paints, primarily due to its high NIR reflectivity and UV-resistant properties. The techno-economic evaluation revealed that the cool white polymer coating is highly cost-effective, priced at approximately $0.39/m² and $0.005/W, making it a promising solution for energy-efficient buildings, resolving cooling issues in older structures without air conditioning, and addressing the impact of heat waves. #CoolWhiteCoatings #PolymerCoatings #GlassBubbles #RadiativeCooling #BuildingEnergyEfficiency #SolarReflectivity #ThermalManagement #GreenBuildings #ClimateChangeMitigation

This paper explores the development of 'Slim Skins,' a novel glazed façade system designed to address the increasing demand for highly transparent buildings while simultaneously reducing environmental impact through efficient resource utilization and lower embodied carbon. Drawing inspiration from Mies van der Rohe's "skin and bones" concept, the research tackles the challenge of achieving maximum transparency in modern building design without compromising energy efficiency or structural integrity. The article highlights that traditional curtain wall systems, despite their popularity, often fall short of desired transparency due to their protruding frames (mullions and transoms). Structural glass systems offer high transparency but are often inefficient in material use, time-consuming to design, and costly, leading to higher environmental footprints. The 'Slim Skins' system proposes a solution by integrating the frame within the glazed units, making the glass work structurally. This approach, building on previous research, particularly Cordero (2015), utilizes composite action where the frame is adhesively bonded between the glass panes. This not only allows for a lower thermal transmittance but also creates a significantly slimmer façade element. The paper details the methodology, which began with a literature review and the establishment of design scope and requirements based on Dutch building codes and industry standards. Various design iterations, including different profile shapes for the integrated mullions, were assessed for structural feasibility using finite element models (FEMs) and hand calculations, focusing on stiffness and strength requirements like deflection and stress. The study found that profiles with greater contact surfaces between the mullion and glass achieved higher composite action, leading to improved structural efficiency. A key aspect of the research is the sustainability assessment, which evaluates the end-of-life environmental impact of the 'Slim Skins' system compared to existing façade systems, such as the Triodos Bank project. The assessment, following the method developed by Hartwell & Overend (2019), analyzes different end-of-life scenarios: landfill, recycling (including downcycling and energy recovery), reuse of components, and full system reuse. The study demonstrates that reuse scenarios (component reuse and full system reuse) offer significantly greater environmental savings in terms of embodied energy (EE) and global warming potential (GWP) compared to recycling or landfill. Notably, full system reuse, particularly for unitized systems like 'Slim Skins,' provides the highest environmental benefits by avoiding material separation and enabling easier relocation. While structural assessments required adjustments, such as increasing glass thickness for certain profiles to meet deflection and stress requirements, the 'Slim Skins' system aims to combine the high transparency of one-way spanning glazing with the economic efficiency of unitized curtain wall systems. The final design, which incorporates glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) profiles attached to glass panels, achieves flush construction with minimal visible opaque materials. The system is designed for factory assembly, allowing for efficient production and on-site installation by attaching panels to slab edges. Challenges include the intricate profile design requiring high precision during construction and the extensive use of adhesive, which can complicate disassembly for recycling but facilitates full system reuse. The research concludes that the 'Slim Skins' system offers a viable, transparent, and more sustainable alternative for modern glazed façades by leveraging composite action and prioritizing reuse in its end-of-life strategy. #SlimSkins #GlazedFaçade #SustainableArchitecture #CompositeAction #GlassDesign #BuildingTechnology #EmbodiedCarbon #UnitizedSystems #EnvironmentalImpact

The increasing emphasis on flexibility in contemporary interior design is a response to evolving architectural needs and the reduction of interior spaces. This shift transforms interiors from static entities into dynamic, versatile environments. Ricardo Bofill's assertion that "architecture is the art of structuring space" underscores the importance of fostering adaptable spaces. While strategies like multipurpose design and flexible furniture contribute to this versatility, the crucial aspect of acoustics is often overlooked, particularly in environments such as offices, conference rooms, schools, and auditoriums. Therefore, enhancing acoustic performance is essential for creating functional multipurpose interiors. Skyfold's operable walls offer a solution by combining soundproofing capabilities with aesthetic design. Beyond their acoustic benefits, these movable, folding, and retractable walls provide customized solutions for space reconfiguration. Their ease of use allows for rapid division or expansion of interiors. Furthermore, these systems offer a variety of surface options, including whiteboard, glass, and other finishes, which can be combined to optimize both aesthetics and functionality. This adaptability enables the systems to transition seamlessly between solid and transparent configurations, ensuring maximum flexibility to meet diverse project requirements. Solid folding operable walls are effective for dividing spaces, enhancing privacy, and improving acoustics. The Skyfold Classic solution, for instance, offers extensive customization options and can reach heights of up to 36 feet (11 meters), making it suitable for a wide range of projects. This series features a quiet, fully automatic folding system that retracts into the ceiling, freeing up floor space and eliminating the need for floor and wall tracks. This design is particularly advantageous for spaces with stepped or sloped floors, where partitions can be configured to meet at 90-degree angles. The Zenith series combines the features of the Classic system by integrating vertical folding elements with a straight-down descent mechanism. This design is ideal for areas where wall obstructions or furniture might impede a purely vertically folding wall. Most Zenith models can reach a maximum height of 12 feet (3.6 meters), with the Zenith 48 model extending up to 48 feet (14.6 meters), all while maintaining efficient soundproofing. The Zenith Premium configuration further includes closure panels that conceal the wall's pocket, ensuring a flush and discreet ceiling appearance, thus integrating the vertical folding system as a seamless accessory. For visual and spatial connection, vertically folding and retractable wall systems incorporating glass panels act as significant design elements. The Prisma system exemplifies this by offering flexibility through a lightweight structure and clean lines. Its straight-line telescopic descent allows it to retract seamlessly into the ceiling, optimizing floor space without visible floor and wall rails or hinges. This makes it suitable for corporate and educational settings requiring a sober design while enhancing comfort. The system accommodates wide openings and covers heights up to 12 feet (3.6 meters). Similarly, Mirage's vertically folding operable wall system features clean lines, a lightweight structure, a variety of glass and Plexiglas panels, and highly efficient acoustical seals. This system also retracts into the ceiling, maximizing floor space. It includes an automatic turnkey operation mechanism and security features. These movable wall solutions represent advanced design elements that merge functionality and flexibility in interiors, offering a straightforward method for transforming spaces. Architects, designers, and other professionals continue to explore the advantages of operable walls, with new web tools available to provide information on innovations from leading manufacturers in both vertical and horizontal operable wall systems, helping professionals find relevant products and brands. #MovableWalls #RetractablePartitions #FoldingWalls #InteriorDesignFlexibility #AcousticSolutions #SpaceTransformation #ArchitecturalInnovation #MultipurposeInteriors #GlassPartitions

Drag And Drop, a Romanian design and manufacturing studio co-founded by Madalin Gheorghe and Dragos Sabareanu in 2019, is known for its innovative approach to design, merging advanced technology with artisanal techniques. The studio's ceramic collection showcases this philosophy by reimagining the function and aesthetics of everyday objects, specifically vases. The creation process leverages a large 3D-ceramic printer to produce intricate patterns, which are developed using sophisticated algorithmic modeling software. Throughout the design and manufacturing process, a strong emphasis is placed on sustainability, aesthetic appeal, and overall quality. The collection features five distinct vase designs, each drawing inspiration from natural patterns and traditional craftsmanship. The 'Intertwined' vase, for instance, is characterized by its organic, interwoven geometric pattern, reminiscent of growth structures found in tree bark and root systems. This unique design is achieved through 3D printing using 100% natural clay. While the interior of the Intertwined vase is hand-glazed, its exterior maintains a matte finish, a consistent characteristic across the entire ceramic collection. This contrast highlights the intricate textures created by the 3D printing process. Another design, 'Bulky,' is offered in three different sizes. This vase features a textile-like pattern that interacts with light throughout the day, creating varying visual effects. The design encourages tactile engagement, inviting individuals to explore its geometric forms and textures through touch. This interactive element adds another dimension to the appreciation of the piece, allowing for a more intimate connection with its design and material. The 'Ripple' vase demonstrates the studio's ability to translate complex mathematical formulae into aesthetically pleasing natural patterns. Its design mimics the visual effect of rippling liquid, such as the concentric circles formed when a stone is dropped into water. This piece exemplifies how technology can be used to replicate and enhance natural phenomena, creating objects that are both visually striking and conceptually rich. The wave-like pattern provides a sense of movement and fluidity, despite the static nature of the ceramic material. The 'Kilim' vase pays homage to the traditional tapestry-weaving methods employed in regions historically part of the Persian Empire. This design represents a contemporary reinterpretation of an ancient craft, demonstrating a harmonious blend of traditional artistry and modern industrial design. By translating the intricate patterns of kilim carpets into a 3D-printed ceramic form, the studio bridges the gap between historical techniques and cutting-edge manufacturing, creating a piece that is culturally resonant and technologically advanced. Finally, the 'Melting' vase directly incorporates its manufacturing process into its aesthetic. The design plays on the suppleness of wet clay during the layering process of 3D printing, creating the illusion of a soft object that appears to be melting. This visual effect is achieved despite the hard, finished ceramic product, creating an intriguing juxtaposition. The Melting vase challenges perceptions of material properties, making a rigid object appear fluid and malleable, highlighting the transformative potential of 3D printing in ceramic art. #3DPrinting #CeramicVases #NatureInspiredDesign #AlgorithmicModeling #SustainableDesign #HomeDecor #ModernCraftsmanship #DragAndDropDesign #InteriorDesign

Village Handcrafted Cabinetry, a company based in Lansdale, Pennsylvania, has been creating custom cabinetry and wood products for over three decades. Founded by Joseph Trave, the business specializes in designing, building, finishing, and installing a wide range of custom items, including bathroom vanities, cabinet doors, kitchen cabinets, pantries, and walk-in closets. The company caters primarily to mid- to high-end residential clients, working with designers, builders, remodelers, and a small percentage of retail customers. Joseph Trave's passion for woodworking began at a young age, leading him to establish the company in 2000. Starting from a 400-square-foot garage, the business has expanded significantly to occupy over 60,000 square feet of manufacturing space. In 2003, Trave acquired another local cabinetmaker's business, Village Woodshop, integrating its machinery and employees. The company later moved to Lansdale in 2006, establishing a showroom and a larger production facility. Over the years, the company has navigated economic challenges, including recessions and a pandemic, through the dedicated efforts of its four-person management team, which includes Joseph Trave as CEO, his wife Gina as director of marketing, Gary Marks as director of finance and purchasing, and Jennifer Marks as director of Human Resources/payroll. Village Handcrafted Cabinetry prides itself on its ability to produce custom products entirely in-house. All cabinet construction utilizes mortise and tenon joinery. The company also produces its own moldings, offering an extensive library of 1,200 profiles and the capability to create custom profiles to match existing designs. The manufacturing process incorporates advanced technology, including CNC equipment for both panel processing and solid-wood machining. Automated loaders and unloaders are used with their Stratos 3-axis machining center and Weeke Vantage 2000 CNC processing center, facilitating efficient production of nested panels and raised panel doors. Further technological investments include TigerStop stations for producing stiles and rails, and a miter fold machine for creating precisely joined corners and face frames. For sanding, the company uses a Timesavers multi-head flat sander and an MB Roba Tech sander, which is capable of sanding both flat and profiled parts. A sophisticated dust collection system gathers sawdust, which is then burned to provide heat for the facility during winter, showcasing an environmentally conscious approach to waste management. The company also features an in-house finishing lab, referred to as the “finishing kitchen,” where skilled artisans perform custom color matching. Clients often present complex finishing challenges, and the team meticulously creates samples under bright lights to ensure exact color replication, with both the company and the client retaining a sample for consistency. A newer addition is a small in-house metalworking shop, which handles minor fabrication for items like hoods and floating shelves, ensuring proper separation from woodworking operations for safety. Despite its current 60,000 square feet of production space, the company produces approximately seven to ten kitchens per week and is exploring further growth opportunities, including potential acquisitions or additional facilities. #cabinetry #customCabinets #woodworking #CNCManufacturing #residentialDesign #kitchenDesign #handcraftedLook #productionEfficiency #woodDustCollection

In a design landscape increasingly concerned with environmental impact, ALT Design, a French studio founded by Alexandre Touguet and Lise Rissel, has launched ALT Light, a brand focused on sustainable lighting solutions. Their latest offering is a 3D-printed lamp crafted from bio-sourced polylactic acid (PLA), a plastic derived from renewable corn starch. This initiative demonstrates a commitment to integrating advanced manufacturing with eco-conscious material choices, aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of product design. The selection of PLA as the primary material is a key aspect of the lamp's sustainability. Unlike conventional petroleum-based plastics, PLA is biodegradable under industrial composting conditions, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative. This material choice helps mitigate carbon emissions associated with plastic production and minimizes long-term waste. Beyond its ecological benefits, PLA is suitable for 3D printing, allowing for precise and intricate designs that might be challenging with other materials. The use of PLA enables the creation of lamps that are both sustainable and structurally sound. From an aesthetic perspective, the lamp combines modern simplicity with playful elements. It features a rectangular base that smoothly transitions into a flared, sculptural top, echoing traditional lampshade forms while offering a contemporary twist. The surface of the lamp is adorned with vertical ribbing, which not only adds a dynamic texture but also interacts with light in a way that enhances its visual appeal. This design detail provides a sense of movement and makes the lamp a distinct accent piece within any modern interior setting. Functionality and versatility are also central to the ALT Light’s design. The lamps are available in various sizes, including a compact wall light and larger medium and table lamps, accommodating diverse spatial requirements. Customers can opt for either translucent or transparent finishes, influencing how light is diffused. The translucent option provides a softer, more ambient glow, ideal for creating a warm atmosphere, while the transparent version offers a clearer and more directed illumination, suitable for task lighting or highlighting specific areas. One of the most forward-thinking aspects of ALT Light's production model is its made-to-order approach. This method avoids the waste associated with mass production and excess inventory, as each lamp is printed only after a customer places an order. This strategy also facilitates extensive customization options, allowing buyers to select from a range of two-tone color combinations. This bespoke capability ensures that each lamp can be tailored to individual preferences, harmonizing with existing decor or expressing personal style through unique color pairings. This integration of sustainable materials, advanced manufacturing, and customizable design positions ALT Light as a notable example of contemporary product development that prioritizes environmental responsibility without sacrificing aesthetic quality or consumer choice. #3DPrintedLamp #SustainableDesign #BioSourcedPlastic #PLA #HomeLighting #EcoFriendlyProducts #ModernDesign #CustomizableLighting #ALTLight

Aztec Scenic Design, an Orlando-based firm, has successfully integrated 3D printing into its custom ceiling design projects, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional methods. The company recently completed an Arabian-inspired ceiling for a client, demonstrating the potential of additive manufacturing in intricate home decoration. Traditionally, detailed ceilings can be a significant expense, often exceeding $30,000, due to the labor-intensive process of creating molds and working with plaster. Aztec Scenic Design, however, pioneered a new approach by utilizing 3D printing to produce the decorative appliqués for their custom ceiling. This innovative method was spearheaded by Marc Leonard, a scenic designer at Aztec, who became captivated by 3D printing and sought to merge it with the company's design work. After convincing owner Gabriel Collazo of the technology's potential, Aztec established its own makerspace, specifically for incorporating 3D printing into various applications. The project began with initial drawings by Benjamin Cremer, based on Arabian patterns. Marc Leonard then translated these sketches into 3D models using 123D Design. Austin K. Butler, a scenic designer and fabricator, joined the team to manage the 3D printing process. The actual printing phase involved several 3D printers, including a Tinkerine Ditto+ and multiple Prusa i3 8-inch printers, and took approximately three weeks to complete. The materials used were around six spools of 3mm ABS filament and three spools of 1.75 PLA filament, costing just over $200, a stark contrast to the potential costs of traditional methods. The ceiling structure consists of nine wood panels, which serve as the base for the affixed 3D printed components. Gold-leafed molding, cut with a CNC router, frames the design. The 3D printed pieces underwent a multi-step finishing process: painting with acrylics, aging with oil stains, and finally, touch-ups and glazing. The entire installation, measuring approximately 18 feet by 14 feet, was completed in just two days. One of the most challenging aspects of this project was managing the approximately 400 individual 3D printed parts and troubleshooting five simultaneously operating printers. The team also faced hurdles in working with various software applications, including 123D Design for modeling, MeshMixer for editing, and Slic3r and Repetier Host for slicing. Despite these challenges, the collaborative effort of the entire Aztec crew, including Gabriel Collazo, Marc Leonard, Benjamin Cremer, Janelle Lyons, Timothy Dameron, and a friend named James, proved successful. This project highlights a significant shift in custom interior design, showcasing how 3D printing can streamline complex processes, reduce material costs, and offer greater design freedom. Aztec Scenic Design's success with this Arabian-inspired ceiling has led to further commissions, including another, more intricate ceiling for the same client's theatre, indicating a growing demand for 3D printed architectural and decorative elements. #3DPrinting #CustomDesign #CeilingDesign #HomeDecoration #AdditiveManufacturing #ScenicDesign #InteriorDesign #ArchitecturalElements #DigitalFabrication