
Housing design is finally improving in England – here’s why | Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment
In 2019, a report titled 'A Housing Design Audit for England' by the Place Alliance, based at The Bartlett School of Planning, revealed that approximately three-quarters of new housing developments in England were considered mediocre or poor when evaluated against a comprehensive set of urban design criteria. This finding raised questions about why more such developments were not rejected by the planning system. Further research, outlined in the 'Councillors’ Attitudes to Residential Design' report (2019), indicated that local politicians often prioritized the national imperative to deliver new housing over design quality. This created a dilemma for local planning authorities: either approve poorly designed proposals or reject them and risk losing an appeal to a nationally appointed Planning Inspector. Consequently, authorities frequently consented to subpar housing schemes, which inadvertently fueled local opposition to new development, undermining the national goal of increasing housing supply.
Following advocacy from the Place Alliance and other organizations, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was updated in July 2021. The revised NPPF included explicit language stating, “Development that is not well designed should be refused.” This marked a significant departure from the previous wording, which merely required refusal for development of 'poor design.' The change shifted the emphasis from avoiding bad design to actively achieving good design, effectively rendering 'mediocre' housing design unacceptable. The Place Alliance subsequently conducted research to assess the impact of this policy change on design-related planning appeals, analyzing appeals reported in the Royal Town Planning Institute’s 'Decisions Digest' newsletter.
The research, published in the March 2022 report 'Appealing Design,' examined 32 appeals heard in 2021 where design was the primary ground for refusal. These included 12 appeals before the policy change and 20 after. By analyzing Inspector’s decision letters and application documents, the study gained insight into the decision-making processes. Prior to July 2021, decisions regarding design quality in appeals were inconsistent, with some favoring local character and living conditions while others prioritized housing numbers despite poor design. This inconsistency made local planning authorities hesitant to refuse developments based on design.
However, the analysis of cases post-July 2021 revealed a notable shift. There was a significant increase in the likelihood of local authorities successfully defending design-based appeals. Inspectors appeared to have greater liberty to consider design on par with other factors. The odds of planning authorities winning cases on design grounds improved dramatically, from 5:7 (against) before the revised NPPF to 13:7 (in favor) afterward. When extrapolated to account for the shorter period after the policy change, the success rate was three times higher. This outcome underscores the critical role of planning’s regulatory function in preventing detrimental impacts on urban and rural environments.
Despite this positive trend, the research also highlighted persistent regional disparities. The 'A Housing Design Audit for England' had previously shown poorer design outcomes outside the South-East, a finding corroborated by the appeals data. Furthermore, the July 2021 report, 'The Design Deficit,' indicated low levels of urban design capacity in these regions. These disparities have significant implications for 'levelling up' initiatives. The findings suggest that local planning authorities nationwide now have a stronger basis to refuse poorly designed residential and other developments. The article concludes by encouraging planning authorities to leverage this shift to foster a local culture where high design quality is an expected standard, arguing that this is a fundamental expectation for new developments.
#HousingDesign #PlanningPolicy #UrbanPlanning #England #BuiltEnvironment #DesignQuality #LocalAuthorities #PlaceAlliance #HousingDesign #PlanningPolicy #UrbanPlanning #England #BuiltEnvironment #DesignQuality #LocalAuthorities #PlaceAlliance
0 comment in total
No comments yetYou may also like


































































