Bateia Bungalow Bathroom / Studio 126 Arquitetura

This blog post details the transformation of a main bedroom and en suite bathroom into a luxurious master suite in a 19th-century farmhouse in Derbyshire, England. The homeowners, Emma and Martin Coulthurst, undertook a grueling two-and-a-half-year renovation to achieve their vision of a boutique hotel-style space. The original room was described as tired and run down, featuring magnolia walls, peeling wallpaper, a threadbare salmon pink carpet, and even woodlice. The en suite was functional but suffered from a leak that caused water to drip into the living room. The renovation began by demolishing the old en suite and raising the ceiling to expose beams, creating a larger, brighter area. Space was also repurposed from an adjacent spare room and a long corridor to incorporate a new en suite and dressing room. This structural overhaul was a significant investment but deemed worthwhile for their "forever home." A key design decision involved repositioning the bed to the center of the room, maximizing the beautiful views from the three large windows. A freestanding roll-top bath was strategically placed at the foot of the bed, transforming the area into a multi-functional space for relaxation and even children's bath time, allowing parents to unwind with a glass of wine. The aesthetic was strongly influenced by Emma's preference for blue and pink color schemes. The floor tiles around the bath, a bargain find, featured a blue that anchored the room's color palette. Initially, the main room was painted white, but it proved too bright and was subsequently toned down with dark blue paint on the chimney breast and soft pink furnishings. The decor evolved gradually, with elements like wallpaper, painted features, and furniture being added and changed over time to achieve the desired look and feel. Notable design elements include a Designers Guild wallpaper, bespoke ceiling lights, and furniture from various retailers like The English Interiors Co and Cult Furniture. Plants played a significant role in completing the space, with a large monstera plant highlighted as a game-changer for adding greenery and life to the bedroom. The newly created dressing area features color-coordinated storage solutions and seamlessly connects to the bedroom, enhancing the spacious feel of the master suite. The overall transformation reflects a blend of thoughtful design, practical solutions for storage and functionality, and a keen eye for aesthetics, resulting in a master suite that now rivals a luxury hotel experience. #BedroomDesign #MasterSuite #HomeRenovation #FreestandingBath #InteriorDesign #FarmhouseRenovation #BlueAndPinkDecor #HomeTransformation #LuxuryBedroom

This article explores various strategies for transforming beige bathrooms from potentially bland spaces into luxurious and captivating interiors. It highlights how the color beige, often perceived as uninteresting, can be elevated through thoughtful design choices. The key principle is to create depth and visual interest, ensuring the neutral palette feels anything but flat. One primary method discussed is the use of a variety of beige shades. Instead of a monochromatic approach, designers recommend incorporating different tones such as oatmeal, alpaca, and sand. This layering of similar colors in slightly varied hues prevents the space from appearing one-dimensional and adds a soft, layered aesthetic. The integration of wallpaper with metallic finishes is also suggested to introduce visual interest and texture, enhancing the luxurious feel. Another effective technique involves selecting natural stone tiles. Natural stone, by its inherent nature, offers unique variations in color and texture, making each tile distinct. This contributes instant character, warmth, and dimension to the bathroom. The article notes that natural stone can either be the focal point in a minimalist design or layered with other textures and accessories for a more opulent outcome, demonstrating its versatility in achieving different aesthetic goals. The incorporation of metallic accents is presented as a sophisticated way to add glamour. Beige, being a warm neutral, harmonizes well with metallics like gold, silver, and copper. Bathrooms offer numerous opportunities for these accents, from tapware and mirrors to wall sconces. These metallic elements introduce a touch of sophistication and serve as subtle points of contrast against the neutral backdrop, elevating the overall design without overwhelming the space with bold colors. Layering different textures is crucial for creating visual interest and preventing a beige bathroom from appearing dull. This can be achieved through various elements such as bathroom tiles, furniture, paint finishes, and soft goods. By combining materials like marble, wood, or glass, designers can introduce tactile and visual depth. For example, a sleek marble countertop paired with wooden accents can add both warmth and character. Experimenting with textured wall tiles or patterned wallpaper also contributes to a richer, more dynamic environment. Finally, the article emphasizes highlighting luxe materials. Beige acts as an ideal backdrop for showcasing high-end finishes and details. The understated nature of a beige color scheme allows the eye to focus on expensive elements, such as wood cabinetry with intricate designs, marble vanities, or decorative wall sconces. This approach ensures that the luxurious components of the bathroom design are appreciated, creating an elegant, sophisticated, and timeless ambiance. These design principles collectively demonstrate how a beige bathroom can be transformed into a visually rich and engaging space, dispelling the notion that neutral always equates to boring. #BeigeBathroom #InteriorDesign #NeutralDecor #LuxuryBathroom #HomeDecor #BathroomDesign #DesignTips

The concept of placing a bathtub directly within a bedroom, while unconventional, is gaining traction as a design trend that prioritizes convenience and indulgence. This design choice allows for immediate transition from a relaxing soak to a comfortable bed, appealing to those who appreciate a luxurious and seamless experience in their personal space. This trend is particularly relevant in hospitality settings, such as hotels, where relaxation and romantic getaways are key, and where innovative layouts are often necessary due to spatial constraints. Similarly, it could be a fitting solution for vacation homes or any residence where a traditional bathroom might lack the space for a soaking tub, yet the bedroom offers ample room to accommodate one in lieu of other less-utilized areas like a sitting or workspace. However, implementing a bedroom bathtub is not without its considerations. Primary concerns often revolve around privacy and the potential for water damage, such as puddles. Addressing these issues requires careful planning and execution. It necessitates ensuring the bedroom environment is adequately optimized for bathing, which goes beyond mere aesthetics. Expert advice emphasizes the critical role of professional installation. A qualified contractor, experienced in such specialized installations, and a skilled plumber are essential. They must assess the subfloor's structural integrity, manage hot-mop levels for waterproofing, and expertly handle all necessary valve and water supply situations. These plumbing basics are identical to those required for a standard bathroom renovation, highlighting that a bedroom bathtub installation is far from a simple DIY project. It requires professional expertise to ensure safety, functionality, and longevity. Despite the complexities, the appeal of a bedroom tub lies in its ability to create a unique and innovative space. It offers an alternative for homeowners whose main bathrooms cannot accommodate both a shower and a tub, allowing them to enjoy the luxury of a bath within their private sanctuary. The cognitive dissonance of finding a bathtub in an unexpected context contributes to a space feeling exceptionally special and forward-thinking. This design choice ultimately redefines the traditional boundaries of comfort and relaxation within a home, transforming the bedroom into a multi-functional oasis focused on personal well-being. #BedroomDesign #BathtubInBedroom #InteriorDesign #LuxuryLiving #HomeRenovation #DesignTrends #HomeRemodeling #RelaxationSpace

This article highlights a super-simple barndominium house plan, showcasing its unique features and efficient use of space. The design, featured on Houseplans.com, is notable for fitting four bedrooms and three bathrooms onto a single level within a modest footprint of just 2,000 square feet. This is a departure from typical home designs, especially considering the trendy barndominium style which often focuses on open-concept living. The article focuses on the practicality and modern amenities integrated into this compact design. A key feature of this barndominium plan is the primary suite, which includes a private bathroom equipped with spa-like amenities. These amenities consist of double vanities, ample linen storage, and a prominent showpiece tub, all contributing to a luxurious and relaxing atmosphere within a relatively small space. The inclusion of such features in a home of this size and style underscores a trend towards maximizing comfort and functionality. Beyond the primary suite, the plan efficiently incorporates additional sleeping quarters. Two of the three secondary bedrooms share a single bathroom, optimizing space while still providing necessary facilities. The third additional bedroom is strategically located near the front of the house, offering versatility. This placement allows it to easily serve as a home office, catering to the growing demand for dedicated workspaces within residential properties. The communal areas of the barndominium are designed with an open and contemporary feel. This layout promotes a sense of spaciousness and facilitates seamless movement between living, dining, and kitchen areas, aligning with modern lifestyle preferences. The open-concept design enhances natural light penetration and encourages social interaction, making the home feel larger and more inviting. The article emphasizes the unusual combination of a compact size, multiple bedrooms and bathrooms, and the distinctive barndominium aesthetic. It suggests that this particular house plan offers a fresh approach to residential design, providing both functionality and style without requiring an extensive footprint. The overall impression is one of innovative design that addresses contemporary living needs within an accessible and popular architectural style. #HousePlan #Barndominium #HomeDesign #FloorPlan #ModernLiving #ResidentialArchitecture #SpaBathroom #HomeOffice #CompactDesign

Ensuite bathrooms, directly connected to a bedroom without access from other rooms, are trending in home design for their ability to create a sense of spaciousness, luxury, and privacy. These spaces are often highly personalized, allowing occupants to tailor them to their specific needs without considering others. This article explores 20 design ideas to create a personalized, private, and connected ensuite. One approach is a hotel-style bathroom-in-the-bedroom, where a bathtub is placed directly within the sleeping area. This design, while requiring careful consideration for plumbing and moisture, offers a high level of luxury and ease of use, blurring the lines between the two spaces to create a spa-like sanctuary bathed in natural light. Alternatively, an ensuite can be subtly separated using curtains, offering intimacy and a relaxed, laid-back vibe, especially suitable for vacation homes. Natural materials and simple aesthetics, like metal structures and cotton curtains, can enhance this open-plan concept. For more definitive separation, sliding doors, including barn doors, provide flexible division. Sliding doors offer accessibility and privacy, with barn doors being a practical choice when wall space is limited, though they may offer less sound insulation. Crittall-style doors provide a modern and sophisticated look, allowing uninterrupted sightlines while physically separating the spaces. Flooring materials can also define distinct zones, such as using marble for the shower area and wood for the rest of the room, adding both luxury and warmth. Adding texture with woodwork, like tongue and groove paneling, introduces personality and protects walls from splashes, especially in smaller ensuites. Partition screens, such as concrete walls, offer semi-privacy while maintaining a connected feel. For a clean and organized look, concealing the WC behind glass doors in minimalist ensuites allows access while keeping bathroom items out of sight. Incorporating seating, like shower stools or built-in benches, adds a luxurious touch and enhances the functionality of the ensuite for grooming. Designing the ensuite with the same materials, colors, and mood as the primary bedroom creates a seamless and serene flow throughout the entire space. Double doors can reveal a surprisingly glamorous bathroom, perhaps with feature wall panels like shimmering gold tiles, or gold-brushed fixtures. Floor patterns, even in small bathrooms, can add character, particularly geometric tiles paired with muted color schemes for balance. Brave a bold color scheme for a chic and sultry look, such as a dark blue ceiling and vanity, contrasted with modern elements like steel-framed shower enclosures. Unexpected statement lighting, like unique pendants, can make an impact and complement the ensuite's aesthetic. Updating brassware to un-lacquered brass adds warmth, modernity, and glamour to the space. Adding opulent wallpaper, especially flamboyant floral patterns teamed with marble and brass, can add depth and make small ensuites feel inspiring. An eye-catching mirror can serve as a design focal point and make the space feel grand. Floating vanities with ample storage free up floor space, a valuable feature in smaller ensuites. Lastly, incorporating heritage details like towel rails, vintage mirrors, and classic tiles can add character to loft ensuites, maintaining a cohesive design within a minimal material palette. Ensuite bathrooms are defined as spaces directly connected to or opening into a bedroom, offering privacy and convenience, particularly beneficial in shared living situations. They are distinct from private bathrooms, which may be located elsewhere in the home. Experts suggest that ensuites can also increase a home's resale value. #EnsuiteBathroom #BathroomDesign #BedroomIntegration #LuxuryBathrooms #HomeDecor #InteriorDesign #SpaceSaving #ModernDesign #PersonalizedSpace

This article explores various innovative design approaches for optimizing a 6 square meter bathroom, a common size in urban environments. It draws insights from a competition launched by Geberit across six European countries, where participating architectural firms were challenged to reimagine compact bathroom spaces. The article highlights five distinct design proposals, each offering a unique balance between functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability. The 'Green Living' proposal by Ippolito Fleitz Group from Germany integrates biophilic design principles. This concept features natural materials like clay walls and mosaic tiles, contrasting rough and reflective surfaces. It incorporates vegetation to create a vibrant atmosphere and employs innovative hidden technology for efficient water consumption, emphasizing sustainable daily use. The design caters to individuals who appreciate immersive spaces with tactile textures. Eva Ivos's 'One for All, All for One' project from France focuses on adaptability, creating a multifunctional bathroom suitable for diverse users across different age groups and mobility levels. Recognizing the trend of multi-generational living, the design prioritizes flexibility and durability. Its material palette includes cream-colored wood and various porcelain wall tile layouts to define different zones, aiming for a timeless aesthetic with minimal environmental impact. Nimtim Architects from the UK presented 'Once in a Lifetime,' a design emphasizing sustainability through material selection. This proposal uses recycled plastic boards for flexible storage and naturallyriven UK stone for flooring, chosen for its resilience, slip resistance, and water resistance. The design aims to cater to multi-generational households, a growing demographic in the UK due to rising property costs. The 'Loo of a lifetime' is adaptable for all stages of life, ensuring safety and accessibility while also providing a stimulating and calming environment. Andrin Schweizer’s Swiss design, 'Size Doesn’t Matter, Style Does,' showcases a minimalist yet elegant approach. Centered around the washbasin, this design features walnut finished elements that offer both storage and spatial division. It demonstrates that sophisticated bathroom design is achievable within a 6 square meter footprint, combining opulent natural stone with calming walnut tones to create an intimate and stylish space. Finally, Slim Studio from the Czech Republic offers 'Up to the Moon,' which divides the bathroom into functional zones. Key features include a central backlit round mirror, a floor-level bathtub with an outside view, and a toilet with concealed components. This design combines natural and artificial light with grey tones and marble accents, blending industrial aesthetics with a connection to nature. Architect Iveta Lajdová’s vision for a 'hygge' atmosphere is achieved through clean lines and soft, rounded furniture, transforming the bathroom into a serene space for starting and ending the day. The winning design, 'Serenity,' by Bjerg Arkitektur from Denmark, focuses on creating a calm and clear layout. It incorporates light-colored wood and textured stone with a frameless window, blurring the lines between indoor and outdoor spaces by introducing a green view. This design uses Geberit products with earthy colors and wooden accents, maximizing space while offering comfort and sustainability. All these proposals collectively demonstrate how thoughtful design can transform compact bathrooms into highly functional, aesthetically pleasing, and sustainable spaces. #BathroomDesign #SmallSpaces #CompactLiving #SustainableDesign #BiophilicDesign #MultigenerationalDesign #InteriorArchitecture

This article highlights a curated collection of distinctive and luxurious bathrooms that have been previously featured in T Magazine. It showcases a range of design aesthetics, from grand and artistic to minimalist and natural, reflecting various global influences and personal styles. Each featured bathroom is unique, demonstrating innovative approaches to space, materials, and ambiance. The collection begins with Richard Christiansen's "bathing cathedral" at Flamingo Estate in Eagle Rock, California. This space is notable for its stained-glass windows that cast blue shadows during sunrise, creating a serene and ethereal bathing experience. The focus here is on the interplay of natural light and architectural elements to transform a functional space into a spiritual retreat. Next, the Milan apartment of fashion executives Carlo Alberto Beretta and Jacopo Venturini features a bathroom that embodies Italy's turn-of-the-20th-century Liberty style. It includes original stucco and glazed tiles complemented by William Morris wallpaper, showcasing a blend of historical charm and sophisticated design. This design choice emphasizes rich textures and a connection to a specific artistic movement. The Bali home of Gildas Loaëc, CEO of Maison Kitsuné, and former fashion stylist Romy Ishii Loaëc, presents a modern and minimalist aesthetic with Toto fixtures and an Apaiser tub in the primary bathroom. This design speaks to contemporary luxury and functionality in an exotic setting. A London home owned by Charlotte and Angus Buchanan features a primary bathroom with an antique toy sailboat and a salvaged turn-of-the-20th-century tub, suggesting a blend of vintage charm and personal touches. Their children’s bathroom uses tiles in sugary hues and a 1960s-era pink toilet, accessorized with lights from Holloways of Ludlow for a "Hollywood glam" feel and a vintage 1930s Art Deco mirror. This illustrates a playful yet stylish approach to design. The Paris home of Officine Universelle Buly co-founders Ramdane Touhami and Victoire de Taillac-Touhami showcases a bathroom rich in various marbles—Blue Bahia granite, Carrara, Rosso Levanto, Verde Guatemala, and Rosa Tea. It includes fittings from l’Atelier Traditionnel du Vimeu, an Eileen Gray mirror, and sconces by Pierre Chareau, highlighting a blend of classical materials with iconic design pieces. An artist’s home in Harlem features walls finished in tadelakt plaster, M. Crow tiles on the floor, and a Water Monopoly bathtub with Fantini Rubinetti fixtures, creating a space with artisanal textures and high-end modern amenities. In another Paris apartment, renovated by Kim Haddou and Florent Dufourcq, a bathroom suite is lined in Carrara marble with a Bleu Provence bathtub, demonstrating classic elegance and refined material use. Hiroshi Sugimoto’s Manhattan apartment includes one of two primary bathrooms constructed entirely of Towada stone, with a cypress bathtub set on old stones salvaged from a defunct Kyoto tram station, and a cedar ceiling. This design exemplifies a profound connection to natural materials and a serene, almost meditative atmosphere. A London loft by Zoe Chan Eayrs and Merlin Eayrs features a pale blue and avocado-colored bathtub by the Water Monopoly, showcasing a unique color palette and retro-inspired design. Christopher González-Aller’s Tangier home includes a primary bathroom with a 1930s Gordiola chandelier, boucherouite and wool carpets, and an antique claw-foot bathtub. The walls are treated with a hand-mixed lime and pigment solution for a textured effect, reflecting traditional craftsmanship and a global aesthetic. The Brussels home of artists Jaime le Bleu, Line Murken, Salomé Sperling, and Sijmen Vellekoop features a resin-and-fiberglass sink, a cast-rubber bathtub, and mirrors by le Bleu, highlighting an experimental and artistic approach to bathroom design. Roberto Gerosa’s Milan home guest bathroom includes a unique birdcage-like shower stall adorned with ostrich feathers, demonstrating whimsical and unconventional design. In Patmos, Greece, designer Dimitris Pantazopoulos created three smaller "cabins" for essential bathroom functions, inspired by Greek Orthodox churches, emphasizing a culturally rooted and compartmentalized design. Ingegerd Råman and Claes Söderquist’s home in southern Sweden features a bathroom with Vola taps, reflecting Scandinavian minimalism and functional elegance. Finally, Casa di Fantasia, an apartment originally designed by Gio Ponti, has a bathroom where concrete has replaced traditional tiling, enhancing the original pink bathtub and shower. A painting by Letizia Chianese adds an artistic touch. Wilbert Das’s Brazilian vacation home features cement tiles, a handmade copper faucet and lamp, peroba-frame windows opening to a garden, a reclaimed wood mirror over a pequi wood sink, and colored glass windowpanes with opaline shades over a pale green cement bathtub and sliced green onyx floor, showcasing a harmonious blend of local materials and natural integration. Melissa George’s 17th-century home in Visan, France, features an oak-paneled Art Deco bathroom salvaged from a demolition site, highlighting a commitment to historical preservation and unique sourcing. The powder room in Rashid Johnson and Sheree Hovsepian’s Manhattan townhouse has walls painted by Michael Langlois to match a Portoro marble sink, with a photograph by Justine Kurland, combining art and interior design. Sally Breer’s Los Angeles home includes children's bathroom walls and floors tiled with Golden Henna zellige, and a primary bathroom with mauve tadelakt and a 1970s Moroccan wool rug, reflecting vibrant textures and cultural influences. Simon Watson’s Dublin home bathroom features 19th-century maps, Giza photographs, and a 1950s Italian town drawing, blending personal travel and art. J.B. Blunk’s cabin in Marin County, California, has a bathroom with a sink carved from a single block of cypress, emphasizing organic, sculptural design. Vincenzo De Cotiis’s Tuscan villa primary bath includes a massive silvered brass mirror over a cipollino apuano marble sink, showcasing natural stone and artistic elements.

Glen Feinberg, a homeowner in Squirrel Hill, embarked on a significant renovation of his 1940s-era ranch-style home, with the primary bedroom and its attached bathroom being the final phase after a decade of other updates. The original bathroom featured an outdated 1980s aesthetic, notably gold-plated, duck-shaped faucets, which Feinberg intended to replace since purchasing the house. His initial step to modernize the primary suite involved replacing the back wall of the bedroom with a folding glass wall system, creating a seamless transition to an elevated patio designed by Eichenlaub Inc. This outdoor space is equipped with a louvered roof that incorporates a rain sensor for automatic closure and automated shades, enhancing both functionality and comfort. For the interior redesign of the primary suite, Feinberg enlisted Lauren Levant, a Pittsburgh-based interior designer, known for transforming spaces into sophisticated and masculine environments reminiscent of high-end hotels. Century Interiors, based in Hampton, managed the construction aspects of the project. Levant described the original bathroom as having an “’80s glam” and a “chopped up” design. The comprehensive reconfiguration of the suite was recognized by the Best of Design judges for 2023, who awarded it as the Best Renovated Bathroom. The judges lauded the design for its thoughtful execution. Stephanie Schill Hayden, an architect from Schill Architecture in Cleveland, characterized the bathroom as both “moody and sexy.” Katie Savakis, a project designer at Vocon’s Cleveland office, highlighted the practical yet aesthetically pleasing design choices, such as the integration of large, built-in wall niches for towel storage, commending it as a “really strong design.” A key aspect of the bathroom renovation was the removal of an oversized jacuzzi tub and a small shower. These were replaced with a triple wetroom, featuring two shower heads and a freestanding soaking tub, which became a favorite feature for Feinberg's grandson. A notable material choice was the use of porcelain for the bathroom floors and walls, deliberately selected by Levant to mimic the appearance of marble. This decision prioritized durability, as porcelain is more resistant to scratches and stains, while also being more sustainable and cost-effective than natural marble, offering a low-maintenance solution. The high-end hotel ambiance extended into the bedroom. Levant incorporated an open-corridor dressing room and closet at the entrance, where wardrobe cabinets cleverly serve as a room divider. On the opposite side of this divider, a custom, pebbled leather headboard wall was installed. The bedroom also features floating nightstands on either side of the bed, optimizing space and contributing to the contemporary design. The outdoor patio was also transformed into a modern lounge area, furnished with marine-grade upholstery and seating to ensure durability and style. The entire renovation of the primary suite was completed in the spring of 2022, much to Feinberg’s satisfaction, especially as it marked the end of his temporary relocation to the guest room during construction. The project successfully eliminated all traces of the original 1980s decor, including the long-standing gold-plated duck faucets, leaving Feinberg pleased with the outcome and the completion of his home's extensive renovation journey. The successful collaboration between Lauren Levant Interior for design and Century Interiors for construction, along with other specialized vendors, resulted in a highly acclaimed and functional living space. #HomeRenovation #BathroomDesign #InteriorDesign #LuxuryBathroom #ModernHome #PittsburghDesign #HomeTransformation #ResidentialArchitecture #BestOfDesign

This blog post details how designer Mat Sanders transformed his small 5-by-7 West Hollywood bathroom into a modernist hammam spa. When Sanders initially moved into his apartment, the bathroom presented a hazard due to its small tub with rounded edges, posing a risk during showering. He aimed to not only enhance the foundation of the room but also introduce various elements to elevate the space, making it feel more luxurious and safe. The transformation journey is encapsulated through three key words: Discovery, Fantasy, and Flow. Under 'Discovery,' Sanders explains his process of uncovering the distinct design influence of his 1925 Monterey-style building, which features French, English, and Andalusian roots. This historical context guided his selection of Colonial, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern details for the bathroom. He incorporated essential bathroom accessories like modern apothecary jars, a swing-top trash can, Turkish-style towels, a natural sea sponge, and a low wood stool. These small yet impactful items were chosen to instill a sense of luxury within the compact space, reflecting an eclectic blend of influences that informed his design choices. 'Fantasy' describes Sanders's imaginative approach to the renovation. He envisioned himself as the building's first inhabitant, a well-traveled design enthusiast much like Thomas O. Larkin, the architect and businessman behind the Monterey style. To realize this vision, he selected traditionalist fixtures such as a faucet and showerhead that would have been period-appropriate for the building's construction. Modernist touches, also popular at the time, were integrated through a single-bulb light fixture and sleek robe hooks, creating a harmonious blend of historical accuracy and contemporary elegance. Finally, 'Flow' addresses Sanders's primary objective: improving the functionality of the modest 5-by-7-foot bathroom. A significant change involved rearranging the floor plan, replacing the existing tub with a shower and relocating the sink to the same wall as the toilet. White walls were utilized to visually expand and brighten the room, while an abundance of greenery, including hanging eucalyptus near the showerhead and various scattered plants, served to highlight the tiled floor and introduce a natural, calming element. Decorative items such as a vintage soap tray, a bowl of palo santo, and a vase of thistle were strategically placed within a built-in shelf, contributing to the overall aesthetic and spa-like ambiance. These meticulous adjustments resulted in a functional, stylish, and inviting bathroom experience, designed to evoke a sense of serene escape. #BathroomDesign #SmallSpaceDesign #HammamInspired #RentalRenovation #InteriorDecor #DesignTransformation #HomeImprovement #EclecticStyle #FunctionalDesign

The concept of placing a bathtub within a bedroom, traditionally associated with boutique hotels, is gaining popularity among homeowners seeking to infuse a sense of luxury and relaxation into their living spaces. This trend is driven by aspiration, as social media and hotel photography showcase stunning freestanding bathtubs as central features within bedrooms or suites. Emma Joyce, brand manager at House of Rohl, highlights that this aesthetic is aspirational, making the bathroom a holistic living space and enhancing the bedroom's inherent cosiness and comfort. The trend caters to a desire for a permanent recreation of the indulgent experience of stepping directly from a warm bath into bed. While the traditional family bathroom and en suite remain essential for practical reasons like bathing children or privacy, the idea of bedroom bathing is increasingly appealing for adults. A key prerequisite for this design choice is ample space. Sally Cutchie, marketing manager at BC Designs, emphasizes that a bath in the bedroom is not suitable for limited living areas but excels as a prominent feature in an already impressive room. The bathtub itself needs to be a statement piece, requiring careful consideration beyond low to mid-market products to achieve the desired luxurious look. This trend also presents an alternative for homeowners who desire a dream bath but lack the space in a conventional bathroom. One of the main concerns for consumers contemplating bedroom bathing is plumbing complexity. Bart Sobieszczanski, senior designer at Ideal Standard, reassures that plumbing can be relatively straightforward if a bathroom is on the same floor, and professional installers can manage it. However, homeowners must be prepared for potential disruption during installation as floors and walls may need to be opened up for new pipework. Furthermore, the weight of the bathtub, especially when filled with water, is a crucial consideration. Lee Frost, director of Waters Baths of Ashbourne, advises assessing whether the floor needs strengthening, particularly for heavy materials like copper, cast-iron, or natural stone. Lighter alternatives such as acrylic are available for those concerned about weight. Beyond plumbing and weight, other practical aspects require attention. Ben Bryden, sales and marketing director of RAK Ceramics, points out that flooring choice is important, suggesting that carpet is not ideal for the area immediately surrounding the bath. Adequate ventilation is also essential to prevent steam from hot baths from damaging soft furnishings within the bedroom. Since most freestanding baths lack integrated shelf space, a stylish side table or bath bridge becomes a functional and aesthetic addition for holding bathing essentials. The article features various product examples, including V&A Baths’ Marlborough and Napoli tubs, Acquabella’s Venet bathtub, Bette’s BetteArt I, BC Designs’ copper and nickel boat bath, Albion Bath’s Tubby Tub, Ideal Standard’s Linda-X collection, and RAK Ceramics’ RAK-Valet sanitaryware, along with exotic marble surfaces from Cullifords, illustrating the diverse options available for creating a luxurious bedroom bathing experience. #BedroomBathing #LuxuryDesign #BathroomTrends #HomeInteriors #FreestandingBaths #PlumbingConsiderations #HomeDesign #InteriorDecor #BoutiqueChic

Understanding the various types of bathrooms is crucial for homeowners planning a new build or renovation, as it helps prevent miscommunications with contractors and ensures the space meets specific needs and functions. Bathrooms are generally categorized by the fixtures they contain, with each fixture (WC, sink, shower, bathtub) typically counting as a 'quarter' component. This framework helps define five primary types of bathrooms, each suited to different home sizes, uses, and available footprints. First, a 'full bath' includes all four essential components: a sink, toilet, bathtub, and shower. These can range from primary bathrooms to kid's or guest bathrooms and often feature a shower/tub combination with a vanity. Full bathrooms are highly versatile and valuable, ideal for medium to large-sized homes, especially those with two or more bedrooms. Their ample space allows for additions like double vanities, freestanding bathtubs, and significant storage, accommodating multiple users simultaneously. Second, a 'half bath,' also known as a powder room or guest bathroom, typically includes only a sink and a toilet, omitting a shower or tub. These are commonly located near entryways or common areas of a home, serving as utility spaces for guests. Half baths are advantageous for large families or those who frequently entertain, offering quick access to basic facilities without guests needing to enter private areas. Their compact nature makes them easy to clean and maintain, and they can be enhanced with decorative elements like wallpaper and luxury accessories. Third, a 'quarter bath' is the most minimal type, featuring only one main fixture, such as a toilet or a shower. These are often found in basements or outhouses and are referred to as utility toilets or showers. Quarter baths are space-efficient, making them suitable for smaller homes or apartments, and are particularly useful as an extra facility for handymen or during large gatherings. The inclusion of an additional shower can also positively impact a home's resale value. Fourth, a 'three-quarter bath' includes three of the four main components: typically a shower or tub, along with a sink and a toilet. These are more compact than full baths, often designed with the shower or bathtub against a wall or window, with the toilet or vanity adjacent to the bathing area. Three-quarter baths are a practical choice for homeowners who prioritize a shower over a long soak or wish to avoid the cost and space requirements of a full bathtub in every bathroom. They are generally more common and economical to build than full baths. Finally, a 'Jack and Jill' bathroom is a full-sized bathroom accessible from two separate bedrooms, distinct from an ensuite which typically serves only one. This layout is ideal for saving space and money, especially in homes with multiple bedrooms or where frequent guests necessitate shared facilities. While they often feature a single sink, bathtub or shower, and toilet, larger layouts can include double sinks or separate compartments for the toilet or bathing area to allow simultaneous use. Ample storage is usually incorporated to serve multiple users. Beyond these five main types, variations like a master bathroom (a larger full bath, potentially an ensuite with luxury features like a sauna) and a split-entry bathroom (with separate sink/entry and toilet/tub areas for shared use) also exist. When choosing a bathroom type, key considerations include the number of household members, family requirements, budget, and desired style. Larger bathrooms accommodate more luxury elements but incur higher costs. For city apartments, space constraints often dictate a full bathroom with a shower/tub combination or a three-quarter bath as the most practical options, with two full bathrooms or one full and one half bath being ideal configurations for apartment living. #BathroomDesign #HomeRenovation #BathroomLayouts #InteriorDesign #HomeImprovement #BathroomTypes #SpacePlanning

This article details the transformation of a small beach bungalow in Santa Monica into a modern family home, spearheaded by interior designer Natalie Myers. The project began in August 2017 when a newlywed couple, inspired by Myers's designs on Pinterest, enlisted her help. The husband's architect brother handled the exterior updates and expansions to the primary suite and kitchen, while Myers focused on interior finishes, fixtures, cabinetry, and furnishings. The renovation process, initially expected to take six months, extended to nearly three years due to permit approvals, construction, and inspections. During this time, the couple welcomed a child, highlighting their patience and adaptability while living in a studio apartment. Myers emphasized the importance of timeless modern design for this project, aiming for a look that would remain fresh and relevant for decades. She maintained her initial design choices throughout the extended timeline, asserting their enduring appeal. The bungalow's layout presented a challenge with two small living rooms flanking the front door. Myers designed them to share a cohesive style while serving distinct functions: one as a formal guest area and the other as a casual lounging space with a TV. She achieved this connection by using Moroccan rugs with the same pattern in both flatweave and shaggy styles. The kitchen is a highlight, described as a "galley kitchen of galley kitchens," featuring two long lines of custom cabinetry. Despite its compact size, the design creates a luxurious and functional space. To optimize storage in the small kitchen, Myers integrated both upper cabinets for discreet storage and open shelving, which she particularly favors for its aesthetic. The material palette was deliberately limited but incorporated varied textures and colors to create a dynamic feel. Caesarstone was used for counters and a 20-inch backsplash, chosen for its durability and clean appearance. A particularly beloved feature is the tucked-away banquette seating at the end of the galley kitchen, designed as a private yet central spot for working or relaxing, benefiting from ample natural light. The primary suite, a significant addition, demonstrates how vaulted ceilings can enhance the sense of space in a smaller footprint. A sliding barn door connects the bathroom to the sleeping area, optimizing flow and privacy. The primary bedroom features a four-poster bed and eye-catching sconces, drawing the eye upwards and contributing to the room's grandeur. The use of various textiles for bedding and wall hangings adds comfort and warmth. The primary bathroom combines classical elements with modern touches, utilizing beige glazed field tile and Calacatta marble hex flooring extending into the shower. A standout design feature in the bathroom is the accent wall in the shower, crafted from cement wall tile, which introduces a playful element to the space. The renovation showcases clever solutions for maximizing space and maintaining a sophisticated, timeless aesthetic in a small beach bungalow. #BeachBungalow #ModernDesign #InteriorDesign #SmallSpaceSolutions #HomeRenovation #SantaMonica #KitchenDesign #BedroomDesign #BathroomDesign

This article showcases ten unique and inspiring bathroom designs created by leading Southern designers, offering a diverse range of styles from modern and edgy to traditional and transitional. The aim is to provide inspiration for individuals considering a bathroom renovation, highlighting various design elements and creative solutions. The first featured bathroom, by Shea Bryars Design in Birmingham, Alabama, transforms a traditional white space into a daring and edgy sanctuary. It incorporates black painted cabinets, black marble tile in the shower, and gold fixtures to create a striking focal point, moving away from conventional all-white designs. The designer emphasizes the blend of contemporary and traditional elements, underscored by a unique light fixture. Next, Parkes & Lamb Interiors from Nashville, Tennessee, presents an ethereal powder room, demonstrating how even small spaces can make a significant impact through creativity. This design features an iron-framed mirror with antique glass floating above a custom vanity made of rustic wood and industrial concrete, softened by a fragment lamp and linen drapes, showcasing an interplay of natural textures. Lindsey Black Interiors in Memphis, Tennessee, introduces a Chinoiserie-inspired modern bathroom. The design is centered around colorful, floral wallpaper, with the vanity color pulled directly from a shade of green in the paper. Custom-designed vanity legs tie into the Asian aesthetic, and brass accents add warmth. A crystal-and-brass chandelier provides reflective illumination, illustrating how various elements can combine to form a cohesive work of art. Classic marble hex tiles contribute a timeless feel. Nequette Architecture & Design from Birmingham, Alabama, features a "secret spaces" bathroom within a Southern Vernacular-style lake cottage. This design emphasizes simplicity and cleanliness by cleverly integrating the bathroom and closet behind a bed wall, with the shower door hidden within herringbone millwork. This solution provides both rustic charm and sophisticated functionality, optimizing space in a home with limited area and a pitched roof. Murphy Maude Interiors, operating in Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee, updates a traditional bathroom with crisp, clean, and classic touches for a transitional feel. The design utilizes natural stone, with Calcutta marble extending to the ceiling. Timeless lighting, a refreshed color palette, and sleek finishes contribute to a modern yet stately and inviting atmosphere. A freestanding tub, floor-to-ceiling marble, and a custom-designed closet are highlighted features. Toulmin Cabinetry & Design in Birmingham, Alabama, showcases a Southern transitional bathroom, blending classic Southern design with modern elements. Custom beaded inset cabinetry, mirrored linen cabinets, and integrated mirrors play with light and reflection. Marble tile and countertops maintain a classic, crisp look without appearing sterile, while soothing neutrals, modern art, and textured accents add subtle warmth. Castle Homes, in collaboration with C Kevin Coffey Dwellings & Design, both from Nashville, Tennessee, created a modern wanderlust bathroom inspired by the homeowners' international travels. This large, open, and contemporary master bath is envisioned as a sanctuary, featuring brushed nickel plumbing fixtures, natural-honed marble floors, and rare marble slab countertops. Custom floating cabinetry with automated lighting and window coverings enhance the modern, tranquil retreat. Cindy McCord Design and David Anderson Architect, based in Memphis, Tennessee, present a classic and bright bathroom. The design's focal point is an oval window framed by mirrors, a layout designed by the architect. The interior designer specified finishes such as brushed nickel hardware and Asian statuary marble for countertops, floors, and walls, resulting in a sleek, elegant, and refreshing space. Frosted glass doors for the toilet area add a chic privacy feature. Cantley & Company from Birmingham, Alabama, designed a dramatic bathroom in a historic 1920s home. A key feature is the book-matched Alabama White marble wall, creating a stunning artistic focal point. Cabinetry is kept simple, with medicine cabinets resembling jib doors integrated into the sheetrock. Polished nickel wall-mounted faucets contribute to a clean aesthetic, and the overall design aims to recreate a luxurious, spa-like hotel experience. Finally, Living Spaces by Lyn in Louisville, Kentucky, transformed an outdated bathroom into a contemporary space that aligns with the home's architecture. The renovation removed a sunken tub and introduced floating vanities, clean lines, and a minimalistic aesthetic. Cohesive color use on walls and cabinetry, along with sensored under-vanity lighting, adds a "wow factor" and enhances the modern feel. #BathroomDesign #InteriorDesign #SouthernDesigners #HomeRenovation #LuxuryBathrooms #ModernDesign #TraditionalDesign #DesignInspiration #HomeDecor

The blog post reviews the mezzanine ensuite room reveals from The Block 2024, featuring critiques and scores from the judges for five different couples. Each section details the specific design choices, highlighting both positive and negative feedback from judges Marty, Darren, and Shaynna. Maddy and Charlotte secured first place with a score of 27.5. The judges praised their well-designed and constructed ensuite, particularly noting the Mount Olive basin, bold Cosentino stone vanity, and high-quality workmanship. Darren admired their Beaumont tile choices, vanity, mirror, and fixtures from Reece, describing them as simple and stylish. While Marty questioned the placement of the toilet and a potentially too safe lighting plan, Shaynna defended their "Classic Simplicity" style. Ricky and Haydn placed second with a score of 25. Despite the small size of their bathroom, Shaynna noted that "tiny's not a bad thing." Darren appreciated the layout, the mustard basin with a terrazzo plug, the Rebels Mustard Structured Textured Handmade Tiles, the smart use of James Hardie panelling, and a horizontal towel rail. Shaynna liked the face-level storage but desired more sophisticated styling. The judges agreed the couple was finding their unique style, aligning with the Phillip Island theme. Mimi and Kristian shared third place with a score of 24.5. Their signature Porta Timber features, which had previously won praise, were deemed unsuccessful this week by Shaynna and Darren, who felt they were included for inclusion's sake and appeared "formulaic." Darren found the Kado Era vanity and Pill Sink too small and noticed an unleveled mirror. In contrast, Marty appreciated the Sand in My Shoe artwork, the small stool, and blue tiles, seeing them as consistent with the house's overall design rather than repetitive. Brad and Kylie also earned an equal third place with 24.5 points. Their dark and moody ensuite was well-received this time, with Darren stating it was exactly what he expected from them. The timber-look tiles and wall sconces complemented the Dekton Keryla and a "peach fuzz" pedestal basin. Marty believed the bathroom would photograph well for their Domain listing and attract a specific market. The Night Float Artwork was a highlight, although Shaynna pointed out missing grouting and caulking and desired more from the styling. Courtney and Grumpy came in fifth with a score of 24. Their striking and bold bathroom divided the judges. Shaynna was impressed by the combination of marble, tiles, and an ISSY Adorn double vanity. Marty, however, found the extensive use of tiles overwhelming and felt too much space was taken from other areas for insufficient benefit. Darren, while agreeing the layout with the toilet in the tallest part and shower in the lowest was imperfect and the tiles were borderline, ultimately found the room "gorgeous, dramatic and impactful" after initial reservations. #TheBlock2024 #RoomReveal #MezzanineEnsuite #BathroomDesign #InteriorDesign #HomeInspiration #DesignTrends #TheBlockShop #Renovation

Designing a bathroom involves a critical balance between aesthetics and functionality, where a well-planned layout can enhance daily rituals, while a poor one can lead to constant frustration. Interior designers emphasize the importance of understanding the architectural footprint and the natural flow of movement within the space. They advise considering the journey through the bathroom, from entry to exit, to ensure a harmonious design. One significant layout mistake to avoid is overcrowding the space to the point where functionality is compromised. Designers like Jess Nahon from Sugarhouse highlight that while a large, spa-like bathroom may sound appealing, it's more beneficial to prioritize what is genuinely possible within the existing dimensions. For instance, not every bathroom requires a built-in bathtub if it means sacrificing essential shower space or ease of movement. The key is to create a clear path between fixtures like the bath/shower, toilet, and vanity, preventing a cluttered and difficult-to-navigate environment. Another crucial aspect is the discreet placement of the toilet. Contemporary interior designer Ghislaine Viñas advises against layouts where the toilet is the first element visible upon entering the bathroom, particularly from a bedroom. By strategically concealing the toilet, designers can elevate the overall aesthetic of the bathroom, allowing decorative elements like exotic wallpaper or playful light fixtures to take center stage. This approach ensures that the more functional, less elegant components of the bathroom recede into the background, maintaining a sophisticated atmosphere. The relationship between the bath and shower also requires careful consideration. Australian designer Greg Natale stresses the importance of integrating these two features seamlessly into the layout. Poor placement can result in a space that feels crowded and is challenging to clean. A practical tip is to position the shower along a shorter wall, which then frees up a longer wall for the bathtub, creating a more modern and integrated look. Even experienced individuals can make mistakes in this area, as noted by Livingetc's executive editor, Pip Rich, regarding his own bathroom remodel. Beyond functionality, the aesthetic appeal of a bathroom should not be overlooked. Studio Castille designers Mathilde Abeel and France Lepoutre advocate for balancing functionality with decorative potential. They encourage homeowners to be daring with design choices, such as using lush tree-lined wallpaper and soft-peach tiles, to create a relaxing and beautiful atmosphere. The goal is to combine practicality with elements that contribute to the desired mood, recognizing that beauty itself can enhance relaxation. Comfort is another non-negotiable element. Alicia Murphy, founder of Alicia Murphy Design, emphasizes the importance of comfortable access to and from the shower, especially in primary bathrooms used by two people simultaneously. Aligning the shower with the commode can create an enclosed, cohesive space, optimizing comfort and flow. Features like built-in shower benches and thoughtful furniture placement, such as an armchair by a window, can significantly contribute to a comforting experience. Furthermore, the bathtub, often considered the focal point of a bathroom, should be celebrated in its layout. Marea Clark Interiors suggests allowing ample room around a freestanding tub for ease of access and to ensure it feels visually proportionate. Centering the tub, ideally under a window or skylight, can highlight its sculptural quality and enhance the sense of calm. Natural light plays a vital role in creating an inviting atmosphere, preventing the bathroom from feeling like a sterile laboratory. Multiple light sources, including natural light, are recommended to adapt the illumination levels for various functions, from energizing morning routines to relaxing evening soaks. Ultimately, avoiding layouts that compromise movement, conceal essential elements poorly, ignore aesthetics, or neglect comfort and lighting are key to creating a successful bathroom design. #BathroomLayout #InteriorDesign #HomeRenovation #DesignTips #FunctionalDesign #AestheticAppeal #ComfortInDesign

The trend of bringing bespoke, boutique hotel aesthetics into en suite bathrooms is gaining traction among homeowners, who are increasingly welcoming color and texture to create a luxurious and personalized space. This movement is driven by a desire to replicate the indulgent and relaxing atmosphere often found in boutique hotels, transforming en suites into private sanctuaries for winding down or starting the day. Several factors contribute to this trend, including the individualization of consumer preferences. Designers observe a growing demand for products that allow for a more customized and unique appearance in en suites, reflecting personal style. Furniture is also playing a more significant role in en suite design, with an emphasis on customization, space maximization, and clever storage solutions. Homeowners are seeking versatility in size options, contemporary fascia designs, and a wide array of colors. Subtle design elements, such as fluted routers and strategically placed lighting, are being utilized to create significant visual impact. Despite the often-compact nature of en suites, there is ample opportunity to achieve both high impact and practical layouts. This is accomplished through the combination of reduced-depth furniture and sanitaryware, alongside bold color schemes and reflective surfaces. Another notable trend focuses on minimizing noise within the en suite. Products like silent flush WCs are becoming highly sought after, as noise reduction is critical for maintaining a serene atmosphere, especially given the proximity to bedrooms. Additionally, there is a visible increase in the use of colored ceramics, brassware, and vanity units, which are evolving from purely functional items to central design elements that enhance the overall aesthetic. The adoption of modern neutrals is also a key aspect of creating spa-style en suites, offering an understated sense of luxury. Cool tones and grays are being replaced by warmer beige palettes, especially when paired with warm woods and ambient lighting, to foster a cozy and inviting environment. The influence of social media platforms like Pinterest is prompting clients to incorporate wallpaper, diverse paint colors, and intriguing lighting fixtures into their en suite designs. Technology is also becoming an integral part of this transformation, with Japanese washing WCs, smart showers, and Passive Infrared (PIR) lighting appearing on wishlists. PIR lighting, which activates upon entry, under-cabinet lighting, ambient shower lighting for relaxation, and task lighting for morning routines are all contributing to a more advanced and user-friendly experience. Alongside these trends, sustainable materials, sleek minimalist features, bold tile patterns, and statement lighting are adding touches of luxury, making en suites both functional and stylish spaces within modern homes. The overall aim is to create personalized, luxurious, and technologically advanced en suite bathrooms that rival the experiences offered by high-end boutique hotels, ultimately enhancing the daily living experience for homeowners. #BathroomDesign #EnSuiteBathrooms #BoutiqueStyle #InteriorDesignTrends #LuxuryBathrooms #HomeDecor #BathroomFurniture #SmartHomeTech #PersonalizedSpaces

The concept of open-plan bathrooms, where the bathroom seamlessly integrates with the bedroom or other living spaces, has transitioned from a necessity in cramped urban dwellings and budget hotels to a signature feature in luxury accommodations and increasingly, private homes. This design approach, characterized by the removal of traditional walls, the use of glass partitions, and even the complete absence of separation, aims to maximize natural light and airflow while offering a sense of openness and a spa-like aesthetic. Initially prevalent in luxury hotels like New York City’s Standard Hotels, known for their exhibitionist-friendly glass exteriors and in-room glass showers, this trend emphasizes a 'design-forward spa-like sex appeal.' These hotels often feature integrated bathing areas that blur the lines between private and public, creating an environment that some might find sensually liberating, but others logistically awkward, especially when sharing a space with non-intimate companions. Examples of innovative open-plan designs can be found in hotels such as the Lloyd Hotel and Cultural Embassy in Amsterdam, which utilizes the concept to optimize space and light in its two-star rooms, and even features a fold-out bathroom that doubles as a room divider. The Hotel Particulier Montmartre in Paris showcases a claw-footed bathtub as a central furniture piece in its top-floor suite, further integrating bathing into the living area. The proliferation of this hotel trend into residential architecture prompts a re-evaluation of traditional notions of privacy within shared living spaces. The article raises questions about the psychological and social implications of eliminating the bathroom as a private sanctuary—a place traditionally reserved for personal reflection, an escape from conflict, or simply a space guaranteeing implicit privacy with a locked door. It also touches on the practical challenges for couples with differing sleep schedules, where the noise and light from one partner’s morning routine could disturb the other. Designer Morgane Rousseau, known for her work on Hotel Particulier Montmartre, views bathrooms as extensions of living rooms, describing them as spaces for both privacy and sharing. She is currently applying this philosophy to a private Parisian apartment, designing bathrooms that resemble salons, complete with fireplaces, armchairs, and vanity tables, intended for relaxation and social interaction. This perspective suggests a shift in how personal spaces are perceived and utilized, moving beyond mere functionality to incorporate elements of luxury and comfort traditionally associated with living areas. The article explores whether the open-plan bathroom is a natural evolution of broader open-concept living trends, such as open kitchens and loft-style residences, or if it reflects a deeper societal comfort with increased exposure and reduced privacy in an age where public and private boundaries are continually blurring. Rousseau, however, points to a generational divide, noting that while younger generations might embrace such designs, older individuals tend to prefer and require more privacy, indicating a nuanced acceptance of this design choice across different demographics. Ultimately, the discussion revolves around whether this design concept aligns with contemporary lifestyles and preferences. It questions if the erosion of privacy in public life has made individuals more accepting of overexposure in their private homes. The trend could be seen as an extension of the idea that bathrooms are not just functional necessities but integral, spa-like focal points within a home, contributing to an overall sense of sanctuary. Conversely, it challenges deeply ingrained cultural norms surrounding modesty and personal space, particularly in intimate settings. The article, while presenting various viewpoints and examples, encourages readers to consider the multifaceted implications of this architectural choice, from aesthetic appeal and spatial efficiency to personal comfort and social dynamics. #OpenPlanBathroom #HomeDesign #LuxuryHotels #InteriorArchitecture #PrivacyInDesign #SpatialPlanning #ModernLiving #DesignTrends