
Ask the Expert: How to repair tile in and around your historical home
Repairing chipped or broken historical tile presents unique challenges and considerations, particularly for homeowners aiming to preserve the original character of their abode. Older homes, often featuring glazed ceramic tiles, differ significantly from modern constructions predominantly using porcelain. When addressing minor chips in older ceramic tiles, a solution involves using appliance paint (an epoxy) to repair the damaged glaze and reattach broken portions. However, major renovations, especially those involving bathrooms or kitchens, often necessitate the removal of older tiles if they are located near main water pipes. This is due to the distinct plumbing systems in historical homes compared to new constructions, which frequently require updating during extensive work.
For those seeking to replace or complement existing historical tiles, The Ceramic Tile Library in Webster Groves offers a resource for sourcing historically accurate tiles. Alternatively, the renewed popularity of older styles like small mosaics and hexagonal tiles means that contemporary versions are readily available and not significantly more expensive than other tile options. For DIY enthusiasts opting for new antiquated-style porcelain tiles, expert tile setter Piero Zito advises applying mortar to the back of the porcelain tiles, a step not required for porous older ceramic tiles, to prevent detachment over time.
Creative solutions exist for repairing smaller areas. Contractor Phil Marlow suggests replacing a line of old tiles with accent tiles, such as a row of mosaics, or strategically installing a soap dish in a shower to conceal a larger area requiring replacement. Interior designer Joni Spear highlights the unique challenges and value of vitrolite tile, a glass-infused material popular in St. Louis during the Art Deco era. Since vitrolite is no longer produced and is highly coveted, Spear recommends working with a vitrolite specialist for repairs or replacements. She recounts instances where clients chose to retain their vitrolite, opting instead for upgrades to faucets, lighting, and electrical outlets to enhance functionality while preserving the tile's historical value.
Repairing outdoor historical tiles, particularly those on patios, presents even greater difficulties. Ken Shumake notes that many older homes feature thick mortar beds in their cement slabs, which have protected ceramic tiles from breakage over time. However, this thickness also makes repairing or salvaging these tiles impractical, as the specialized knowledge for such repairs is becoming increasingly rare. Furthermore, modern outdoor tile installations require expansion joints, which some homeowners find aesthetically unpleasing. Consequently, Shumake often advises clients against large-scale outdoor tile projects due to these complexities and aesthetic concerns.
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