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Idyllic, Depression-Era Watercolors of American Design
The National Gallery of Art initiated a significant digitization project in 2013, focusing on its extensive collection of approximately 18,000 watercolors from the Index of American Design. This index, established in 1935 as a component of the Federal Art Project under the Works Progress Administration, operated for six years, employing around 1,000 artists. Their primary task was to create visual records of American design items, spanning from the colonial period through the 19th century.
The core objective of the project was dual-natured: to foster the creation of new art while simultaneously documenting historical design. Each watercolor functions as a distinct artistic piece, attributed to a specific artist, yet it also serves as a meticulous record of the often-anonymous design and craftsmanship of earlier periods. The artists frequently worked directly from the original objects, allowing them to capture an extraordinary level of detail through the delicate medium of watercolor.
The collection's recently added images showcase a diverse range of objects, from a peacock feather fan to various architectural ironwork ornaments. The watercolor paintings by Gilbert Sackerman, particularly those depicting cast and ornamental iron, stand out for their aesthetic appeal. Sackerman's artistic approach is evident in his use of color and shadow to bring specific elements of each image to the forefront, while backgrounds are typically rendered in subdued beige tones. Unlike many paintings in the index that present small objects against plain white surfaces, Sackerman's works convey a sense of broader environmental context. These pieces offer an idealized and charming depiction of a well-kept America, a portrayal that stands in stark contrast to the harsh realities of the Great Depression, the period during which these artworks were created.
The Index of American Design represents a significant historical effort to preserve and document the material culture of the United States. It highlights the artistry and skill of both the original designers and craftsmen of the depicted objects, as well as the artists who meticulously rendered them in watercolor. The digitization initiative by the National Gallery of Art ensures that these valuable historical and artistic records are accessible to a wider audience, offering insights into American design, art, and the socio-economic context of the 1930s.
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