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The splendour of gilded furniture, and the experts who look after it for generations to come
Gilded furniture, an emblem of opulence and prosperity, gained widespread popularity in Europe during the 17th century, notably through Louis XIV's commissioning of the Palace of Versailles. This style, characterized by its lavish gold leaf embellishments, subsequently influenced English aristocracy, becoming a staple in grand country houses like Chatsworth and Waddesdon. While aesthetically stunning, gilded furniture presents unique challenges in its preservation and restoration due to its delicate and often fragile nature. The process requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining the precision of a master wood carver, the analytical rigor of a laboratory technician, and the steady hand of a specialist gilder, alongside the investigative skills needed to uncover a piece's historical context.
The scarcity of highly skilled gilded furniture restorers underscores the complexity of this craft. Organizations such as the National Trust employ their own experts for in-house collections. Among independent firms, Carvers & Gilders, established in 1979 in south London, stands out. This company, a Royal Warrant holder, has a distinguished client list including Windsor Castle, Hampton Court, and Woburn Abbey. Co-founded by Christine Palmer, an art graduate with specialized training in carving and gilding from City & Guilds, the company comprises seven staff members, including conservators and carvers. Palmer emphasizes that gilded furniture restoration is a specialized niche, sharing techniques with picture framing but demanding even greater specificity for furniture due to the pre-conceived integration of carving and gilding in original designs.
Identifying the age and original form of a piece is crucial yet often difficult, as historical repairs and alterations can obscure its true state. Gesso, a chalky base, played a significant role in mid-18th-century furniture, providing a smooth surface for gilding over bold carvings. As gold leaf became thinner, more intricate and smoother surfaces were required. Restoration at Carvers & Gilders begins with a treatment proposal, followed by collaborative work among the team, who possess comprehensive knowledge of all involved processes, from carving to gesso application and gilding. The use of original methods and materials is prioritized to ensure sympathetic and seamless restorations.
A notable commission for Carvers & Gilders involved the reconstruction of a Chippendale state bed at Harewood House in West Yorkshire. Stored in disassembled pieces since the 19th century, the restoration was likened to a large jigsaw puzzle, with components unearthed from various locations within the house. The team meticulously reassembled and restored the bed, carving new sections where necessary and applying original treatments, allowing it to regain its historical splendor in the state bedroom. Another significant project involved a Chippendale state bed at Dumfries House, where the team's brief was to revert the piece to its original concept by carving replacements for lost elements and designing new valences based on Chippendale’s original blueprints.
Beyond restoration, Carvers & Gilders also undertakes the creation of new pieces, such as a faithful reproduction of an 18th-century palm mirror by John Vardy for Spencer House in London. Despite their prestigious commissions, the company also offers advice on minor repairs, with services starting from a modest fee, ensuring that gilded furniture can be maintained and appreciated for generations. The article highlights the invaluable expertise required to preserve these elaborate historical artifacts and the dedication of specialists in this unique field.
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