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alvar aalto lightings exhibition at grand-hornu
An exhibition titled 'Lightings' at the Grand-Hornu in Belgium showcases a comprehensive collection of 100 lamps by Alvar Aalto, a significant figure in organic design and Scandinavian architecture. Aalto's work, which spans architecture, furniture, and lighting, emphasizes natural forms, materials, and a free approach to space, aiming to enhance everyday life within the home. His lighting designs, often developed as integral components of broader architectural projects, highlight his dedication to creating a more humane built environment and promoting the social and therapeutic benefits of light.
The exhibition, which commenced on February 9th, 2014, covers Aalto's lighting creations from the late 1920s to the 1950s and is structured into two main sections. The initial section features an immersive installation where visitors cross a wooden bridge over water. This setup allows Aalto's luminaires to cast their light and reflections onto the water below, creating a chiaroscuro effect that underscores the importance of nature in his design philosophy. This sensory experience is designed to remind viewers of the natural elements that often inspired Aalto's artistic and architectural endeavors. The second part of the exhibition delves into the developmental process of Aalto's lighting designs. It presents reproductions of archival documents, including photographs, drawings, and other materials, which detail the genesis, mechanical aspects, and intrinsic architectural connections of his lights. This section offers insights into the intricate relationship between Aalto's lighting and his overall architectural vision, demonstrating how each piece was conceived as part of a larger, cohesive design.
The article highlights several notable lighting designs featured in the exhibition. The A805 'enkelinsiipi' or 'angel wing' lamp, originally designed in 1955 for the National Pensions Institute in Helsinki, exemplifies Aalto's architectural approach to lighting. Its hand-riveted steel shade slats filter light to create distinctive shadows, which influenced its name. A variation, the A809, designed in 1950 with three shades, was created for the living room of Maison Louis Carré in France, showcasing Aalto's ongoing experimentation with light reflection through fanned-out slats. Another iconic piece is the 'beehive' lamp (A331/A332), designed in 1953 for the University in Jyväskylä. Inspired by Danish architect Poul Henningsen's research into perfect lighting, this sculptural luminaire features five or six reflecting metal slats, available in black or white variations. The 'hand grenade' light, available in variations A110 and A111, derives its name from its resemblance to a German weapon. Conceived in 1952 for the Finnish Association of Engineers building and the council chamber of Saynatsalo Town Hall, its lacquered metal dual cylindrical form is noted for its texture and technicality, with an additional non-mass-produced variation featuring an organic opening for light. These examples illustrate Aalto's ability to blend practicality with aesthetic value, creating objects that are both functional and artistic.
The exhibition also explores Aalto's collaboration with his wife Aino and partners Maire Gullichsen and Nils-Gustav Hahl in establishing Artek in 1935. This company was founded to promote and sell Aalto's furniture and lighting designs, aiming to foster a modern culture of habitation through exhibitions and educational initiatives. Artek's core philosophy centered on the combination of aesthetics, functionality, and series production to make everyday environments more beautiful. Beyond individual pieces, the second half of the exhibition uses deep viewing boxes to present glimpses into Aalto's broader architectural and industrial projects, such as the Savoy Restaurant (1936) and the Paimio Sanatorium (1933). Each viewing box encapsulates a different project, revealing the meticulous attention to detail and conceptual genesis behind Aalto's compositions. This approach provides context for his lighting designs, demonstrating how they are integral to his overarching vision for harmonious and human-centric spaces.
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