A History of Radiators in Chicago: Q&A with The Steam Whisperer

The Fine Homebuilding Podcast, featuring Kiley Jacques, Ian Schwandt, and Patrick McCombe, addresses several common construction and home improvement queries from listeners in its 428th episode. The podcast begins by acknowledging listener feedback on various topics. Walter offers a practical tip for simplifying water filter changes by opening a faucet after shutting off the main water supply but before attempting to remove the filter, which he found makes the process considerably easier. Derek emphasizes the concept of opportunity costs in owner-built home projects, noting that the financial value of a homeowner's labor is often underestimated. He illustrates this by calculating that even though an owner-builder might feel they saved money, when their labor is valued at market rates, the project's true cost can align closely with its appraised value, highlighting that "sweat equity" is rarely free. Craig provides a shoutout for Green Glue, a product recognized for its effectiveness in soundproofing, referencing a review by Matt Risinger. The podcast then transitions to listener questions. Dack inquires about Ian's decision to install hydronic radiant floor heating in his new home, particularly given its Passive House design and previous discussions that seemed to favor mini-splits. Dack also seeks clarification on whether the radiant system or the mini-split serves as the primary heating source in Ian's setup, expressing his own preference for hydronic radiant heat for his upcoming build in a similar climate zone. Jerry raises a question about managing construction schedules when unexpected delays or trade unavailability disrupt the typical sequence of work. He describes scenarios where deviations, such as installing cabinets earlier to expedite countertop measurements, can occur and asks for strategies to maintain project momentum despite these challenges. Jerry also provides insight into black exterior trim trends in southeastern Michigan, noting the use of metal trim pieces and custom-bent metal profiles as alternatives to traditional materials, and suggests considering the expansion and contraction of dark aluminum trim during installation. Matt from Baltimore describes a peculiar phenomenon observed in approximately 100-year-old houses: a significant hump in the second-story floor directly above the exterior wall where a room extends over a porch. He notes that the exterior siding shows no signs of movement, suggesting the issue is either historical settlement or original construction. He seeks explanations for this observation to better advise clients, as opening up the floors has not yet been undertaken. Kenneth from Acton, Ontario, presents a comprehensive set of questions related to his 1970s mansard-roof bungalow. He describes issues with basement dampness during heavy rains and seeks advice on waterproofing and insulating the mostly unfinished basement to make it livable, including radon mitigation. He also asks for strategies to insulate and air seal the walls behind the mansard roof, which acts as an attic space, proposing the use of polyiso/EPS board and addressing the challenges of taping joints in a confined area, while expressing a dislike for spray foam. Finally, Kenneth requests the best methods for capping and flashing deep window bucks, considering alternatives to aluminum for aesthetic and acoustic reasons, and inquires if installing a black eavestrough at the top of the mansard would be a suitable solution to prevent dripping. The podcast concludes with a listener asking for recommended builders to follow on social media, listing several Instagram accounts of prominent builders and construction professionals. #RadiantHeat #ConstructionSequencing #Waterproofing #MansardWindows #HomeImprovement #BuildingScience #RenovationChallenges #OwnerBuilderCosts #InsulationTechniques

Renovating a Brooklyn townhouse often involves addressing existing heating systems, particularly radiators found in many older homes. These properties, especially classic Italianate homes from the mid-19th century, were initially built without central heating. Steam systems became common between 1910 and 1930, with some hot water systems also installed. The decision to replace, restore, or remove these radiators in favor of a forced-air system significantly impacts both the aesthetic and budget of a renovation project. Expert plumber John Cataneo from Gateway Plumbing and Heating suggests that while some systems might require a complete overhaul if pipes have been extensively altered, most are restorable, capable of running quietly and efficiently. Restoring an old steam system can cost under $5,000, whereas replacing it with a high-end hot water system can be considerably more expensive, around $20,000 per floor. Cataneo highlights the greater flexibility of hot water systems, which allow for adjustments in water flow, water temperature, and radiator temperature to suit a home's specific needs, unlike steam systems that operate as a less flexible single unit. A third option is a forced-air HVAC system, which delivers dry, heated air through vents. Architect Sarah Jacoby recommends pairing forced-air systems with humidifiers to counteract dryness. She also notes that some clients opt for a hybrid approach, combining a forced-air system with smaller radiators to benefit from the distinct heat quality provided by radiators. Radiators, whether steam or hot water, retain heat for an extended period even after the boiler shuts off. Many brownstones still feature their original cast-iron radiators. The choice between replacing, restoring, or concealing them under a radiator cover primarily depends on aesthetic preferences. Jacoby explains that the approach is tailored to the client's vision, the room's constraints, and the radiator's condition and style. For historic environments, she advises removing covers, cleaning, and painting existing radiators to integrate them into the interior design. However, if radiators are in poor condition, space is limited, or a more contemporary look is desired, switching them out is recommended. For replacements, new cast-iron radiators from brands like Governale offer a similar appearance to older models but with a slimmer profile. Runtal radiators are another option for hot water systems, known for their minimal space requirements and customizability in terms of color, allowing for optimized interior layouts. Architect Bryan Natinsky suggests moving radiators under windows and integrating them into the wall thickness, often concealed within a flushed and recessed cabinet. Natinsky also advocates for a combined heating strategy, using radiators as the primary heat source supplemented by forced-air systems to provide heat while radiators warm up. This approach balances the unique benefits of both heating methods. #Radiator #BrownstoneRenovation #TownhouseHeating #SteamHeat #HotWaterHeat #ForcedAir #HVAC #HistoricHome #InteriorDesign

Castrads, a company with its North American headquarters in Brooklyn, specializes in custom-built cast iron radiators and the restoration of antique models. These radiators, a common feature in homes since the Victorian era, often suffer from inefficiencies and aesthetic degradation over time. The company was recently commissioned by a homeowner in Park Slope, Brooklyn, to update their heating system, which involved addressing both the functional and visual aspects of their century-old radiators. The project began with an assessment of the client's existing radiators. Although the units were still operational, they were found to be inefficient, burdened by decades of paint accumulation, and concealed within covers. These covers, while perhaps offering a perceived aesthetic benefit, were identified as significantly impeding heat output, reducing efficiency by approximately 15 percent. The homeowner also decided to use this opportunity to renovate the surrounding flooring and woodwork, allowing for a comprehensive update. Castrads' team recommended repositioning the radiator pipes to connect directly from the floor to the valves, a change designed to enhance the system's aesthetic integration and create a cleaner, more streamlined appearance. The three original radiators underwent a thorough restoration process, which included sandblasting to remove old paint and debris, followed by a refinishing in a gold powder coat. A crucial upgrade involved fitting these restored radiators with thermostatic control valves. Jayson Branch, Castrads’ creative director, highlighted the benefits of retrofitting thermostatic valves onto steam heating systems. This modification enables homeowners to conserve energy, consequently lowering heating costs, and maintain consistent, comfortable temperatures in individual rooms without needing extensive overhauls to the radiators themselves. The operation of these valves is straightforward: they automatically regulate the heat supply to the radiator based on the room's temperature. Once the desired temperature is reached, the valve closes, halting the heat output. As the room cools, the valve reopens, resuming the heating process. In addition to refurbishing the existing units, Castrads supplied two new custom radiators, manufactured at their facility in England. To ensure optimal performance and sizing for these new units, the company conducted heat loss calculations. These calculations took into account various factors, including room dimensions, window surface area, and the insulation and material composition of the walls in the two rooms where the new radiators would be installed. Branch also noted a common issue observed in New York City properties: original radiators are often oversized for the spaces they heat. Castrads addresses this by ensuring that both restored and new radiators are appropriately sized, guaranteeing efficient and comfortable heating for decades to come. The company aims to provide heating solutions that are both historically sympathetic and technologically advanced, helping homeowners achieve modern energy efficiency standards while preserving the charm of classic heating elements. #CastIronRadiators #HomeRenovation #EnergyEfficiency #HistoricHomes #BrooklynDesign #HeatingSystems #ThermostaticControl #InteriorDesign #SustainableHeating

The article provides a comprehensive overview of radiators available for home heating systems, catering to both modern and traditional interior styles. It highlights a diverse selection from brands like Wickes, Homeline by StelRad, and Homeline by Henrad, emphasizing various designs including horizontal and vertical orientations, alongside made-to-order options. The range of radiators discussed includes all-purpose radiators, double panel radiators, single panel radiators, designer radiators, and towel radiators, allowing for customization to fit specific room aesthetics and heating requirements. Beyond just the heating units themselves, the article delves into essential accessories and maintenance components. It covers radiator covers, available in materials like oak, white, or ready-to-paint finishes, which can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a room by concealing the radiator while still allowing heat emission. Additionally, it details critical maintenance tools such as radiator valves, lockshields, pipe sleeves, and bleed keys, underscoring the importance of these items for ensuring optimal performance and longevity of the heating system. The content also addresses frequently asked questions related to radiator maintenance, offering practical guidance. It includes a reference to an easy-to-follow guide on how to bleed a radiator, a crucial step for maintaining heating efficiency. Furthermore, it provides detailed, step-by-step instructions on how to balance radiators, a process that ensures even heat distribution throughout a home. This balancing procedure involves switching off the central heating, bleeding radiators, opening all radiator valves, restarting the heating, and then systematically adjusting lockshield valves, starting from the radiator closest to the boiler. The process aims to achieve an approximate 12°C temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of each radiator, fine-tuning adjustments until all units heat uniformly. Lastly, for those considering more involved tasks, the article directs readers to a video resource that explains how to remove a radiator, situated within a broader guide on radiator installation. The article positions itself as a resource for homeowners looking to either install new radiators or maintain existing ones, providing both product selection assistance and practical, actionable advice for a well-functioning heating system. #Radiators #HomeHeating #CentralHeating #RadiatorMaintenance #HomeImprovement #InteriorDesign #HeatingEfficiency #DIYHome

This podcast episode features Andrew, Ian, and Patrick addressing a variety of listener questions and feedback related to home building and maintenance. The episode begins with listeners sharing their experiences. Jon from Centreville, MD, discusses his satisfaction with a Rheem 80-gallon heat pump water heater, highlighting its energy efficiency and dehumidifying benefits in his basement. He notes a $500 rebate and significant yearly savings compared to conventional electric resistance heaters. Paul, a home inspector from the East Bay, provides insights on subterranean termites, clarifying that they typically access homes through the inside of the foundation, making exterior foam less vulnerable. He advises against borate treatments for exterior use due to their water solubility and suggests perimeter treatments by a structural pest operator for concerned homeowners. Ron advocates for Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIP) as the future of affordable, high-performance home building, citing their resilience to natural disasters, elimination of wood-related issues, inherent insulation and air tightness, and quick construction times, estimating a 1200 sq ft home could be built in under four weeks by three people. Nick shares his positive experience replacing an electric water heater with a heat pump unit, detailing how the unit's energy usage was even lower than estimated and led to substantial savings for his family of five, reinforcing the financial and environmental benefits of the upgrade. The podcast then transitions to listener questions. Jim asks about a blue substance observed on framing in a Wall Street Journal article, questioning its purpose, such as rot or termite prevention, and its application method. Will from Fort Worth, Texas, seeks advice on an open soffit project for his 1959 ranch-style home. He has begun enclosing his exposed rafters with quarter-inch plywood but neglected ventilation. He inquires about the necessity of venting, appropriate products, spacing for vents, and the suitability of quarter-inch plywood for the job, especially since the attic was previously sealed. Ryan from Houston, Texas, living in a year-round humid climate, is considering a whole-house dehumidifier like the Aprilaire 100 to reduce energy costs, extend his air conditioner's lifespan, and prevent mold. He has a 1.5-story home with separate AC units for upstairs and downstairs and plans to improve existing ductwork. He asks if a whole-house dehumidifier is the optimal solution or if other steps are more crucial, noting his home's indoor humidity is often in the high 50s to low 60s during summer. Jonathan from Silver Spring, Maryland, describes his civic association's unsuccessful attempt to start a tool lending library. The main obstacle was securing liability insurance, as companies were unwilling to cover the civic association board due to the perceived risk of loaning potentially dangerous tools, even with waivers, leading to the project's abandonment. #heatPumpWaterHeater #termitePrevention #SCIPPanels #soffitVentilation #wholeHouseDehumidifier #homeBuildingFuture #energyEfficiency #toolLendingLibrary #homeMaintenance

The Heat Wave radiator by Dutch designer Joris Laarman redefines the functionality and aesthetics of a conventional home appliance. Laarman's design philosophy centers on "reinventing functionality," which is evident in this piece that transforms a necessary heating element into an artistic statement. Traditionally, radiators are often viewed as bulky and intrusive, particularly in older living spaces, presenting a design challenge that Laarman addresses through innovative form and material. The Heat Wave radiator distinguishes itself with a baroque, ornate design that blurs the lines between functional heating equipment and sculptural wall art. The intricate and swirling patterns are not merely decorative; they serve a practical purpose by increasing the surface area of the radiator. This expanded surface allows for more efficient heat distribution, enhancing the radiator's heating capacity within a room. The design marries aesthetic appeal with improved performance, demonstrating how form can effectively serve function. Constructed from fiber-reinforced concrete, the radiator's material choice contributes to its durability and unique appearance. The use of concrete allows for the creation of complex, detailed forms that might be difficult to achieve with other materials, while also providing excellent thermal properties suitable for radiant heating. This material choice aligns with contemporary design trends that often favor industrial or raw finishes, yet Laarman elevates it with an elaborate, almost classical, sensibility. Droog Design, recognizing the innovative nature and market potential of Laarman’s creation, has brought the Heat Wave radiator into mass production. This collaboration makes the avant-garde design accessible to a wider audience, enabling more households to incorporate this blend of art and utility. The availability through Droog Design underscores the product's commercial viability and its appeal as a modern home furnishing solution. The Heat Wave radiator is customizable, allowing customers to specify its size to fit various spatial requirements. This flexibility ensures that the design can be integrated into different interior environments, from compact urban apartments to larger residential homes, without compromising its visual impact or heating efficacy. This adaptability enhances its practicality and broadens its market appeal. The design represents a significant step in re-imagining essential home utilities as integral components of interior aesthetics, proposing that even the most mundane objects can be sources of beauty and design innovation. #JorisLaarman #HeatWaveRadiator #DroogDesign #InteriorDesign #HomeHeating #FunctionalArt #ProductDesign #SustainableDesign

Radiant heating systems offer a comfortable, efficient, and healthy alternative to traditional heating methods by warming objects and surfaces directly, rather than just the air. This approach results in a gentle and even distribution of heat throughout a space, eliminating the concentrated heat pockets often associated with forced air or baseboard systems. Modern radiant heat systems, which have roots in ancient Roman techniques, typically employ hydronic (water-based) or electric elements to achieve this effect. John Abularrage, owner of Advanced Radiant Design in Stone Ridge, highlights the benefits of radiant heating, noting how his children grew up accustomed to warm floors during winter. He explains that unlike conventional systems that deliver heat from small, localized areas, radiant heat is diffuse and pervasive, creating a sense of comfort without visible or audible mechanisms. Abularrage's company, established in the 1980s, initially had to educate consumers about radiant heating, but awareness and adoption have grown significantly over the years due to its advantages. One key benefit of radiant heating is its energy efficiency. These systems can deliver heat at much lower water temperatures than conventional heating, and they allow occupants to feel comfortable at a lower ambient air temperature. This efficiency can lead to reduced annual heating costs, despite a typically higher initial installation expense. Richard Cavanagh of Advanced Comfort Systems estimates that radiant systems can cost about 50 percent more than baseboard systems, but the long-term savings on fuel can offset this investment over several years, especially when paired with modern condensing boilers. Beyond comfort and efficiency, radiant heating offers significant health advantages. Unlike forced-air systems that can circulate dust, allergens, and other particulates through ductwork, radiant heat does not rely on air movement to distribute warmth. This makes it a cleaner option, particularly beneficial for individuals with allergies or respiratory sensitivities. Cavanagh describes the unsanitary conditions often found in old ductwork, emphasizing how radiant heat avoids such issues by not drying out the air or spreading dust. Radiant heating systems can be installed in various ways during new construction, including within concrete slabs, beneath flooring, or on top of a sub-floor using prefabricated panels. The method of installation can depend on the desired finished surface, such as tile, carpet, or hardwood. While new home construction has seen a decline in recent years, there is a growing trend of retrofitting existing homes with radiant systems. For homes already equipped with hot water boilers, retrofitting can be relatively straightforward. For those without a boiler, electric radiant heating systems, such as electric floor mats, offer a viable alternative, though homeowners should ensure the chosen product is designed for full room heating rather than just floor warming. Architects and designers appreciate radiant heating for its aesthetic and practical advantages. It eliminates the need for bulky baseboards or radiators, freeing up wall space and providing greater flexibility for furniture placement. The invisible nature of the system contributes to a clean and uncluttered interior design. Experts recommend thorough research and selecting reputable installers for radiant heating projects. They agree that once experienced, homeowners typically prefer radiant heating, valuing the consistent comfort, energy savings, and improved indoor air quality it provides over the long term. #RadiantHeating #HomeImprovement #EnergyEfficiency #SustainableLiving #HeatingSystems #IndoorComfort #AdvancedRadiantDesign #HomeDesign #Renovation

Radiators offer a blend of powerful heating, architectural charm, and practical benefits like quieter operation and increased humidity during winter. They are also cost-effective, with older cast iron models lasting over 50 years and newer versions using minimal gas or electricity. This article explores the possibility of installing a shelf over a radiator and its potential impact on heating efficiency and safety. According to Ben Domoe, a Virtual HVAC Expert at Frontdoor, installing a shelf above a radiator generally does not significantly affect its heating capability, provided there is proper clearance and the shelf is made from fire-resistant materials. Domoe emphasizes that shelves can effectively maximize storage space, offering both aesthetic and functional advantages. However, he warns against using materials that are easily melted or flammable, highlighting the importance of fire-resistant construction for safety. Domoe also points out that a shelf might restrict heat circulation if not properly installed. The International Mechanical Code (IMC) recommends a minimum of 18 inches of clearance around a radiator to ensure optimal heat distribution. For those considering a shelf, options range from DIY floating shelves made of suitable materials to purpose-built radiator covers that incorporate a shelf. These covers often feature decorative slats designed to allow warm air to circulate while concealing the radiator. When choosing a radiator cover, precise measurements are crucial to ensure adequate clearance. Beyond installation, maintenance and mindfulness are important for radiator and shelf longevity. Regular cleaning, such as vacuuming, is recommended to keep radiators efficient. Domoe also suggests periodically "bleeding" the air out of the system, a process that involves turning off the boiler, allowing water to cool, and then opening the radiator valve to release trapped air. A special radiator bleeding air valve key can facilitate this task. It's advisable to have a bowl ready to catch any water that may escape during the bleeding process and to wipe down the shelf afterward. Furthermore, the article stresses the importance of leaving sufficient space around the radiator to allow HVAC technicians easy access for future servicing. It also advises against placing items above or around the radiator that could be damaged if they fall or pose a fire hazard. While selecting flame-retardant materials for the shelf is crucial, careful consideration should also be given to the items placed on it. Candles, framed pictures, and old books are highlighted as potentially problematic due to heat, while hardy plants, glass vases, sturdy mirrors, and ceramic teacups are suggested as safer decorative choices. #Radiator #HomeHeating #ShelfInstallation #HomeImprovement #HVACExpert #FireSafety #HeatDistribution #HomeStorage