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How to Install and Use the Linux Bash Shell on Windows 10
The article details the process of installing and utilizing the Linux Bash shell on Windows 10, highlighting the functionalities of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). WSL allows users to run Linux software directly on Windows without the need for a virtual machine or a container. The initial version, WSL1, is described as a Bash shell environment built on a subsystem that enables the execution of Linux binaries. This setup, while not running a full Linux kernel, allows access to GNU utilities and various command-line shells beyond Bash, such as Zsh. WSL1 has limitations, including a lack of official support for graphical Linux desktop applications and potential issues with some command-line applications.
The article then introduces WSL2, which significantly differs from WSL1 by running a full Linux Kernel within a highly efficient virtual machine. This advancement ensures that almost any Linux application, package, or command will function without problems. WSL2 also extends support to GUI applications on Windows 11. Both versions support a range of Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, openSUSE, Debian, Kali, and Fedora remixes, available through the Microsoft Store.
To install WSL, users must first enable the "Windows Subsystem for Linux" feature through the Control Panel or by using the `wsl --install` command in PowerShell, followed by a system reboot. After enabling WSL, users can select and install their preferred Linux distribution from the Microsoft Store. Ubuntu is recommended as a general-purpose choice, although multiple distributions can be installed and run concurrently. Upon the first launch of a Linux environment, users are prompted to create a UNIX username and password, distinct from their Windows credentials.
Once installed, the Linux environment can be accessed via a Start menu shortcut or by running the `wsl` command in PowerShell or Command Prompt. The `bash` command, though still functional, is noted as deprecated. Users familiar with Linux command lines will find common commands like `cd`, `ls`, `mv`, `cp`, `rm`, `mkdir`, and text editors like `vi` or `nano` available. A crucial distinction from Windows is the case-sensitivity of the Bash shell and its environment. The Windows file system is accessible within the Bash shell at `/mnt/c`.
Software installation and management within the Linux environment are handled using package managers specific to the chosen distribution. For Ubuntu, the `apt` or `apt-get` command is used for updating package information, installing, removing, and upgrading software, often requiring `sudo` for root permissions. For SUSE distributions, the `zypper` command is used. The article also provides an optional enhancement for a more authentic Ubuntu experience by installing the Ubuntu Monospace font. This involves downloading the font, installing it, and then configuring the Windows Registry and the terminal properties to use "Ubuntu Mono." For Windows Terminal users, changing the font is simpler through the application's settings under Defaults > Appearance. Finally, it's reiterated that software installed in the Bash shell is confined to that environment but can be invoked from outside using the `bash -c` command.
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How To Dual Boot Linux and Windows on any PC
